Fig. 4.

Effects of GlcNH₂ and MelNH₂ on PMA/IM-induced activation of NFATc1, NFκB, and AP-1 in Jurkat cells. Cells were pre-incubated for 30 min in the presence of the indicated concentrations of GlcNH₂ (A, C, E) and MelNH₂ (B, D, F). After the addition of DMSO (0.2%) (vehicle: veh) or the combination of PMA (1 μM) and IM (0.5 μM), cells were further incubated for 3 h and assayed for the activation of NFATc1 (A, B), NFκB (C, D), and AP-1 (E, F). Data are the mean and standard deviation (bars) of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; unpaired t-test (2-tailed), as compared with control.