Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variable, n (%) | IBD group | Control group | P value | CD group | Control group | P value | UC group | Control group | P value |
| Number | 37696 | 113088 | 12349 | 37047 | 25347 | 76041 | |||
| Men | 22985 (61.0) | 68955 (61.0) | 1 | 8679 (70.3) | 26037 (70.3) | 1 | 14306 (56.4) | 42918 (56.4) | 1 |
| Age (mean ± SD, yr) | 39.4 ± 16.4 | 39.42 ± 16.4 | 1 | 30.4 ± 14.2 | 30.36 ± 14.23 | 1 | 43.8 ± 15.6 | 43.8 ± 15.6 | 1 |
| < 30 | 12184 (32.3) | 36552 (32.3) | 1 | 7080 (57.3) | 21240 (57.3) | 1 | 5104 (20.1) | 15312 (20.1) | 1 |
| 30-44 | 11459 (30.4) | 34377 (30.4) | 3354 (27.2) | 10062 (27.2) | 8105 (32.0) | 24315 (32.0) | |||
| 45-59 | 9158 (24.3) | 27474 (24.3) | 1292 (10.5) | 3876 (10.5) | 7866 (31.0) | 23598 (31.0) | |||
| ≥ 60 | 4895 (13.0) | 14685 (13.0) | 623 (5.0) | 1869 (5.0) | 4272 (16.9) | 12816 (16.9) | |||
| Urban residence | 19006 (50.4) | 52913 (46.8) | < 0.001 | 6317 (51.2) | 17416 (47.0) | < 0.001 | 12689 (50.1) | 35497 (46.7) | < 0.001 |
| Low income | 7444 (19.8) | 26338 (23.3) | < 0.001 | 2609 (21.1) | 8535 (23.0) | < 0.001 | 4835 (19.1) | 17803 (23.4) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1483 (3.9) | 5306 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 260 (2.1) | 782 (2.1) | 0.97 | 1223 (4.8) | 4524 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 4098 (10.9) | 13732 (12.1) | < 0.001 | 595 (4.8) | 2097 (5.7) | 0.000 | 3503 (13.8) | 11635 (15.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2527 (6.7) | 7929 (7.0) | 0.042 | 361 (2.9) | 1250 (3.4) | 0.015 | 2166 (8.6) | 6679 (8.8) | 0.245 |
| IHD | 1557 (4.1) | 3559 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 348 (2.8) | 552 (1.5) | < 0.001 | 1209 (4.8) | 3007 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
| Thromboembolism | 115 (0.3) | 236 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 37 (0.3) | 34 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 78 (0.3) | 202 (0.3) | 0.269 |
| ESRD | 107 (0.3) | 180 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 48 (0.4) | 40 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 59 (0.2) | 140 (0.2) | 0.130 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 750 (2.0) | 1248 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 224 (1.8) | 264 (0.7) | < 0.001 | 526 (2.1) | 984 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Medications | |||||||||
| Immunomodulators | 10199 (27.1) | 0 | < 0.001 | 6895 (55.8) | 0 | < 0.001 | 3304 (13.0) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Steroids | 21606 (57.3) | 0 | < 0.001 | 7241 (58.6) | 0 | < 0.001 | 14365 (56.7) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Biological agents | 2075 (5.5) | 0 | < 0.001 | 1641 (13.3) | 0 | < 0.001 | 434 (1.7) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Follow-up duration (yr) | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.3 |
Values have been expressed as mean ± SD or number of patients (%) as relevant. Follow-up duration is expressed in years. CD: Crohn’s disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; SD: Standard deviation; UC: Ulcerative colitis.