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. 2019 Mar 1;316(5):H1047–H1052. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00805.2018

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Shown are mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), and nonischemic vascular conductance (NIVC); during rest, mild exercise (Ex), and muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA); under intrinsic HR and contractility responses (white bars), constant HR by rapid ventricular pacing (gray bars), and constant HR in association with limited contractility by pacing plus β1-blockade (black bars); in control (A) and heart failure (B) conditions.*P < 0.05 vs. previous setting (Ex vs. rest; MMA vs. Ex); †P < 0.05 vs. no treatment (pacing vs. no treatment; pacing plus atenolol vs. no treatment) within the same setting and condition; ‡P < 0.05 vs. previous condition (heart failure vs. control) within same setting and treatment; brackets with *, significant main effect of settings (rest, Ex, MMA); brackets with ‡significant main effect of condition (heart failure, control), N = 5.