Table 2.

Factors associated with the odds of remission from ADHD among school-aged children.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
	Stratified: High SES	Stratified: Middle SES	Stratified: Low SES	Interaction	Random-intercept Multi-level
Inclusive education (Standardized)	0.989	0.959	1.259**	0.969	0.965
	(0.871)	(0.463)	(0.006)	(0.631)	(0.572)
Poverty level: 3 Categories (Ref: Above 400%)
Middle SES (Above 100% to at or below 400%)				1.138	1.139
				(0.065)	(0.090)
Low SES (At or below 100% poverty level)				1.168	1.175
				(0.270)	(0.202)
Middle SES X Inclusive education				0.995	1.001
				(0.929)	(0.987)
High SES X Inclusive education				1.294**	1.290*
				(0.006)	(0.016)
N	2078	3028	861	5967	5967
Clustered SE	State	State	State	State	No

Note: To measure the inclusiveness of states' education environments, we used each state's proportion of students educated in regular classroom less than 40 percent of their time. We reverse coded the proportions to denote inclusiveness and mean-centered them for easier interpretation. Families with income between 100% and 400% of the Federal Poverty Line (FPL) were coded as Middle SES. Families with income below 100% of the FPL were coded as low SES. High SES (>400% of the FPL) was omitted. For all models, we included the following individual-level control variables: age, sex, race, insurance, family structure, school, and co-morbidity. We also controlled for state-level covariates: state treatment recommendation ban prior to the federal ban, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) as treatment, proportion of the insured, psychiatrist per 10,000, and income per capita. Exponentiated coefficients are reported; p-values in parentheses. In Models 1, 2, 3, and 4, standard errors are clustered by state.

Exponentiated coefficients; p-values in parentheses.

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.