Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of clinical characteristics associated with clinical and immunological failure in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, January 2014
| Factors | Failure (%) | No failure (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CD4 (n = 923) | ||||
| CD4 > 100 cells/cm3 | 125 (19.5) | 516 (80.5) | 1 | 1 |
| CD4 ≤ 100 cells/cm3 | 85 (30.2) | 197 (69.8) | 1.78 (1.29–2.45) | 1.78 (1.18–2.69)* |
| WHO clinical stage when ART initiated (n = 949) | ||||
| Stage I/II | 49 (17.9) | 225 (82.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Stage II/IV | 166 (24.6) | 509 (75.4) | 1.50 (1.05–2.13) | 0.39 (0.11–1.37) |
| NRTI-based first-line ART initiated to patients (n = 949) | ||||
| TDF based | 51 (17.9) | 234 (82.1) | 1 | 1 |
| ZDV based | 30 (22.1) | 106 (77.9) | 1.29 (0.78–2.18) | 1.08 (0.42–2.79) |
| D4T based | 134 (25.4) | 394 (74.6) | 1.56 (1.09–2.24) | 1.19 (0.47–3.05) |
| Type of health facility (n = 949) | ||||
| Health center | 51(17.7) | 237(82.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Public hospital | 141(25.0) | 422 (75.0) | 1.55 (1.09–2.22) | 1.21 (0.64–2.28) |
| Private hospital | 23(23.5) | 75(76.5) | 1.42 (0.82–2.49) | 0.94 (0.33–2.65) |
| Adherence at the least CD4 (n = 907) | ||||
| Good (> = 95%) | 188 (21.8) | 673 (78.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Poor (< 95%) | 25 (54.4) | 21(45.6) | 4.26 (2.33–7.78) | 2.50 (1.19–5.25)* |
| Functional status of the patient at last visit on ART (n = 949) | ||||
| Working | 185 (20.8) | 703 (79.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Ambulatory/bedridden | 30 (49.2) | 31 (50.8) | 3.68 (2.17–6.23) | 2.41 (1.22–4.75)* |
| History of TB treatment while on ART (n = 949) | ||||
| Absent | 171 (27.7) | 655 (72.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Present | 44 (35.8) | 79 (64.2) | 2.13 (1.42–3.20) | 1.57 (0.96–2.55) |
| ART interruption history (n = 949) | ||||
| Absent | 157 (20.1) | 652 (79.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Present | 58 (41.4) | 82 (58.6) | 2.94 (2.01–4.29) | 1.93 (1.23–3.07)* |
| History of regimen change (n = 916) | ||||
| Absent | 75 (16.0) | 394 (84.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Present | 107 (23.9) | 340 (76.1) | 1.65 (1.19–2.29) | 1.50 (1.05–2.15)* |
| Duration on ART (n = 949) | ||||
| 6–24 months | 51 (18.0) | 233 (82.0) | 1 | 1 |
| 24–48 months | 63 (22.7) | 215 (77.3) | 1.34 (0.89–2.02) | 1.44 (0.87–2.38) |
| ≥ 48 months | 101 (26.1) | 286 (73.9) | 1.61 (1.10–2.35) | 1.42 (0.79–2.54) |
| Status of the patient at the time of the survey (n = 949) | ||||
| Alive on ART | 170 (28.3) | 430 (71.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Lost/dropped out | 34 (29.8) | 80 (70.2) | 1.54 (0.98–2.40) | 1.37 (0.78–2.40) |
| Transferred out | 36 (17.5) | 170 (82.5) | 0.77 (0.51–1.15) | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) |
| Died | 15 (51.7) | 14 (48.3) | 3.87 (1.82–8.23) | 3.94 (1.64–9.45)* |
NB: * = P < 0.05 and variables that fit in the final model