Table 3.

Summary of opioid withdrawal scales (1938–2018)

Scale name	Mode of administration	Scale items	Rating criteria	Temporal window covered	Citation
Kolb and Himmelsbach Scale	Clinician-administered	14	Points-based	24 h	[33]
Himmelsbach Scale	Clinician-administered	14	Points-based	Hourly or 24 h	[34]
SDQ1 or Fraser Scale	Clinician-administered Patient-reported	6 (clinician) 4 (patient)	Weighted 5-point scale	15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min post-drug	[45]
ARCI2	Patient-reported	550	True or False	Immediate feeling	[46]
OPW3	Patient-reported	29	5-point scale	Immediate feeling	[47]
WOW4	Clinician-administered	84	True/False	Immediate feeling	[35]
SOW5	Clinician-administered	80	True/False	Immediate feeling	[35]
Short Form ARCI	Patient-reported	49	True/False	Immediate feeling	[48]
Wang Scale	Clinician-administered	10	Points-based	10, 20, 30 min post injection	[37]
Judson Scale	Clinician-administered and Patient-reported	10 (clinician) 7 (patient)	4-point scale	Prior to zero time, and 10, 20, 30 min post injection	[38]
OWS6	Patient-reported	32	4-point scale	24 h	[39]
SOWS7	Patient-reported	16	5-point scale	Immediate feeling	[40]
OOWS8	Clinician-administered	13	Present/Absent	10-min observation period	[40]
ARSW9	Patient-reported	16	10-point scale	24 h	[42]
CINA10	Clinician-administered	13	Point-based	5, 10, 15 mins post injection	[49]
SOWS-Gossop	Patient-reported	10	4 -point scale	24 h	[43]
SOWQ11	Patient-reported	20	Anchored 100 mm analogue scale	24 h	[44]
COWS12	Clinician-administered	11	Weighted scale	2-min observation period	[19]

¹Single Dose Opiate Questionnaire

²Addiction Research Center Inventory

³Opiate Withdrawal Subjective Experience Scale

⁴Weak Opiate Withdrawal Scale

⁵Strong Opiate Withdrawal Scale

⁶Opiate Withdrawal Scale

⁷Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale

⁸Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale

⁹Adjective Rating Scale for Withdrawal

¹⁰Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment

¹¹Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Questionnaire

¹²Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale