Table 1.
Characteristics of the enrolled patients
| Patient characteristics | Enrolled patients (n = 440) | Survivors (n = 317) | Nonsurvivors (n = 123) | p value | Short-term ENS (≤ 6 days) (n = 106) | Longer-term ENS (≥ 7 days) (n = 146) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.4 (15.7) | 59.3 (15.9) | 66.8 (14.1) | < 0.001 | 60.4 (16.9) | 59.5 (15.5) | 0.655 |
| Male | 259 [58.9] | 192 [60.6] | 67 [54.5] | 0.244 | 63 [59.4] | 92 [63.0] | 0.564 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 [21.3, 28.2] | 24.4 [21.2, 28.0] | 24.2 [21.3, 28.6] | 0.955 | 24.5 [21.2, 29.5] | 24.6 [21.8, 28.4] | 0.726 |
| Location before adm. | 0.003 | 0.976 | |||||
| ED/HD/OT | 357 [81.1] | 268 [84.5] | 89 [72.4] | 88 [83.0] | 121 [82.9] | ||
| Wards | 83 [18.9] | 49 [15.5] | 34 [27.6] | 18 [17.0] | 25 [17.1] | ||
| Type of adm. | 0.006 | 0.001 | |||||
| Medical | 293 [66.6] | 199 [62.8] | 94 [76.4] | 80 [75.5] | 79 [54.1] | ||
| Surgery | 147 [33.4] | 118 [37.2] | 29 [23.6] | 26 [24.5] | 67 [45.9] | ||
| Number of comorbidities | 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 4.0] | 0.069 | 3.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.002 |
| LOS before ICU adm. (days) | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.009 | 0.0 [0.0, 1.3] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.3] | 0.730 |
| APACHE II | 24.5 (8.1) | 22.6 (7.4) | 29.5 (7.7) | < 0.001 | 25.4 (8.4) | 24.7 (7.6) | 0.543 |
| SOFA | 8.7 (3.8) | 7.9 (3.5) | 10.7 (3.8) | < 0.001 | 9.2 (3.7) | 9.1 (3.8) | 0.909 |
| mNUTRIC | 5.3 (2.1) | 4.8 (2.1) | 6.6 (1.5) | < 0.001 | 5.5 (2.3) | 5.3 (2.0) | 0.531 |
| mNUTRIC ≥ 5 | 299 [68.0] | 187 [59.0] | 112 [91.1] | < 0.001 | 74 [69.8] | 100 [68.5] | 0.823 |
| Malnutrition | 123 [28.0] | 72 [22.7] | 51 [41.5] | < 0.001 | 31 [29.2] | 35 [24.0] | 0.347 |
| Admission reasons | < 0.001 | 0.020 | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 82 [18.6] | 43 [13.6] | 39 [31.7] | 19 [17.9] | 18 [12.3] | ||
| Respiratory | 84 [19.1] | 68 [21.5] | 16 [13.0] | 24 [22.6] | 21 [14.4] | ||
| Sepsis | 105 [23.9] | 72 [22.7] | 33 [26.8] | 36 [34.0] | 39 [26.7] | ||
| Trauma | 12 [2.7] | 12 [3.8] | 0 [0.0] | 4 [3.3] | 4 [2.7] | ||
| Metabolic/renal | 8 [1.8] | 8 [2.5] | 0 [0.0] | 2 [1.9] | 2 [1.4] | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 42 [9.6] | 29 [9.2] | 13 [10.6] | 3 [2.8] | 8 [5.5] | ||
| Postoperation | 13 [3.0] | 12 [3.8] | 1 [0.8] | 4 [3.8] | 3 [2.1] | ||
| Orthopaedics | 7 [1.6] | 6 [1.9] | 1 [0.8] | 1 [0.9] | 2 [1.4] | ||
| Neurological | 87 [19.8] | 67 [21.1] | 20 [16.3] | 13 [12.3] | 49 [33.6] | ||
| CPR before ICU adm. | 53 [12.1] | 17 [5.4] | 36 [29.3] | < 0.001 | 18 [17.0] | 18 [12.3] | 0.297 |
| Length of MV (days) | 2.0 [1.0, 5.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] | < 0.001 | 3.0 [2.0, 4.0] | 7.0 [4.0, 13.0] | < 0.001 |
| ICU LOS (days) | 2.0 [2.0, 5.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] | 0.001 | 3.0 [2.0, 4.0] | 7.0 [4.0, 12.0] | < 0.001 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 14.0 [7.0, 25.0] | 15.0 [9.0, 33.0] | 9.0 [4.0, 16.0] | < 0.001 | 8.0 [4.0, 15.3] | 24.0 [16.0, 45.0] | < 0.001 |
Values are mean (standard deviation), median [Q1, Q3], or count [percentage]
Adm. admission, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, BMI body mass index, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ED emergency department, ENS exclusive nutritional support, HD high dependency, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, MV mechanical ventilation, mNUTRIC Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill, OT operation theatre, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment