Table 4.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals from the mediation analysis for the association between sex and the risk of death for males, compared with females, diagnosed with ependymoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, and malignant melanoma, with stage of disease as the mediator, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 (2000–2014)
| Indirect |
Direct |
Total |
Change from total to direct effect, %* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model and cancer type | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Unadjusted model | |||||||
| IIIa Ependymoma | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) | .60 | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.76) | .03 | 1.36 (1.05 to 1.77) | .02 | 3 |
| IVa Neuroblastoma | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.19) | <.01 | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.34) | .07 | 1.28 (1.09 to 1.51) | <.01 | 44 |
| VIIIa Osteosarcoma | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | .05 | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.43) | .02 | 1.29 (1.08 to 1.53) | <.01 | 22 |
| XIb Thyroid carcinoma | 1.24 (1.03 to 1.48) | .02 | 2.63 (1.02 to 6.75) | .04 | 3.25 (1.27 to 8.35) | .01 | 18 |
| XId Malignant melanoma | 1.28 (1.10 to 1.49) | <.01 | 1.53 (1.05 to 2.24) | .03 | 1.97 (1.33 to 2.91) | <.01 | 37 |
| Model adjusted for race, age at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis | |||||||
| IIIa Ependymoma | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.13) | .44 | 1.44 (1.07 to 1.92) | .02 | 1.49 (1.12 to 1.97) | .01 | 8 |
| IVa Neuroblastoma | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | .01 | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.44) | .01 | 1.34 (1.13 to 1.59) | <.01 | 31 |
| VIIIa Osteosarcoma | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) | .08 | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.35) | .15 | 1.21 (1.01 to 1.45) | .04 | 33 |
| XIb Thyroid carcinoma | 1.01 (0.61 to 1.66) | .98 | 2.59 (0.91 to 7.38) | .08 | 2.61 (0.95 to 7.19) | .06 | 1 |
| XId Malignant melanoma | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.52) | .05 | 1.89 (1.19 to 3.03) | .01 | 2.33 (1.46 to 3.72) | <.01 | 25 |
*
Percent change from total to direct effect (βtotal − βdirect)/βtotal)*100. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.