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. 2019 Jun 18;14(6):e0218367. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218367

Table 1. Definition and descriptive statistics of variables.

Variable name Variable definition Mean S.D. Min. Max.
Cost variables          
Total Costs (TC) Total hospital variable costs (in euros) 255,417,106 109,957,068 96,976,514 615,799,975
Total Personnel Costs (TPEC) Total hospital expenditure on personnel (in euros) 163,955,730 70,225,412 67,588,745 372,434,027
Total Materials and ss Costs (TPUC) Total hospital expenditure on purchases-other than pharmaceuticals (in euros) 60,980,504 25,742,417 20,044,125 153,751,979
Total Pharmacy Costs (TPHC) Total hospital expenditure on pharmaceutical products (in euros) 28,035,234 17,749,146 3,055,662 126,900,000
Total Capital Costs (TCAC) Total hospital capital depreciation (in euros) 2,445,638 2,394,473 116,678 15,400,000
Output variables
Inpatient (I) Weighted sum of discharges (in UPAs) 53,934 21,858 24,397 134,310
Outpatient (O) Weighted sum of visits, ambulatory surgeries and day-hospital visits (in UPAs) 519,743 213,466 197,934 1,381,872
Emergency (E) Weighted sum of total discharges of the emergency department (in UPAs) 311,999 116,782 104,460 722,402
Input prices
Price of Capital (WCA) Total hospital capital depreciation (in euros) 2,445,638 2,394,473 116,678 15,400,000
Price of Labour (WLA) Total expenditure of personnel (in euros) per equivalent unit 44,951 8,196 30,018 94,694
Price of Pharmacy (WPH) Total expenditure of pharmaceuticals products (in euros) per upasphar 106 52 14 446
Price of Materials and ss (WPU) Total expenditure of materials and services (in euros) per upasmatss 109 24 55 213
Observable Heterogeneity variables
ROEMER Average length of stayit · (Occupancy rateit / Occupancy ratet) 7.084 1.456 3.921 12.473
ROTATION Total hospital discharges per installed beds 44.432 6.354 28.718 73.973
C1_INPAT Share of the largest hospital service in terms of inpatient discharges 0.358 0.066 0.192 0.575
C1_OUTPAT Share of the largest hospital service in terms of outpatient visits 0.362 0.057 0.271 0.569
DOUTP_CLINIC Equal to 1 if any outpatient clinic is available, 0 otherwise 0.757 0.430
TECHNO_INDEX Number of different types of high-technology equipment available 7.482 1.961 1.000 10.000
RATIO_RESID Number of residents / Number of doctors and nurses 0.108 0.038 0.000 0.230
RATIO_NURSES Number of nurses / Number of doctors 1.406 0.264 0.614 2.137
RATIO_ASSIST Number of nurses / Number of nurses assistants 0.845 0.120 0.533 1.275

Tables 2, 3 and 4 contain the results on cost frontier estimates for the two models estimated.