Table 2. Correlation analysis between serum RSPO1 level and diverse parameters in relation to obesity and DM.
All participants (n=123) | Non-DM subjects (n=79) | Non-obese subjects (n=45) | Obese subjects (n=34) | DM patients (n=43) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ra | P value | ra | P value | ra | P value | ra | P value | ra | P value | |
BMI | 0.244 | 0.010b | 0.343 | 0.005b | 0.242 | 0.014b | 0.407 | 0.017b | 0.084 | 0.593 |
Fasting glucose | 0.108 | 0.237 | −0.058 | 0.612 | 0.161 | 0.291 | 0.056 | 0.751 | 0.035 | 0.825 |
Fasting insulin | 0.155 | 0.088 | 0.256 | 0.023b | 0.033 | 0.831 | 0.265 | 0.129 | −0.156 | 0.319 |
Fasting C-peptide | 0.244 | 0.007c | 0.266 | 0.019b | 0.062 | 0.688 | 0.347 | 0.048b | 0.016 | 0.920 |
Post-load 2-hr glucose | 0.194 | 0.039b | 0.102 | 0.378 | 0.002 | 0.989 | −0.067 | 0.928 | 0.029 | 0.863 |
Post-load 2-hr insulin | 0.157 | 0.093 | 0.185 | 0.103 | 0.144 | 0.345 | −0.201 | 0.254 | 0.085 | 0.623 |
Post-load 2-hr C-peptide | 0.167 | 0.079 | 0.175 | 0.131 | <0.001 | 0.998 | 0.294 | 0.097 | 0.164 | 0.345 |
HbA1c | 0.098 | 0.285 | 0.025 | 0.829 | 0.032 | 0.836 | 0.005 | 0.980 | −0.165 | 0.634 |
HOMA-IR | 0.311 | 0.001c | 0.367 | 0.001b | 0.203 | 0.180 | 0.274 | 0.117 | 0.001 | 0.995 |
HOMA-β | 0.100 | 0.271 | 0.238 | 0.035b | 0.087 | 0.568 | 0.184 | 0.298 | −0.087 | 0.579 |
TG | 0.198 | 0.031b | 0.205 | 0.074 | 0.013 | 0.934 | 0.295 | 0.102 | 0.052 | 0.745 |
TC | 0.115 | 0.213 | 0.096 | 0.406 | 0.039 | 0.799 | 0.002 | 0.991 | 0.048 | 0.762 |
LDL-C | 0.153 | 0.099 | 0.119 | 0.306 | 0.074 | 0.630 | 0.011 | 0.953 | 0.107 | 0.501 |
HDL-C | −0.199 | 0.032b | −0.253 | 0.027b | −0.153 | 0.315 | −0.306 | 0.094 | 0.106 | 0.509 |
Apo-lipoprotein A | −0.222 | 0.187 | −0.134 | 0.573 | −0.366 | 0.244 | −0.024 | 0.955 | −0.405 | 0.107 |
Apo-lipoprotein B | 0.456 | 0.005c | 0.374 | 0.104 | 0.200 | 0.534 | 0.714 | 0.047b | 0.171 | 0.513 |
AST | 0.106 | 0.248 | 0.214 | 0.060 | −0.001 | 0.995 | 0.327 | 0.064 | −0.187 | 0.236 |
ALT | 0.234 | 0.010b | 0.268 | 0.018b | 0.052 | 0.708 | 0.377 | 0.031b | −0.050 | 0.755 |
hsCRP | 0.320 | 0.004c | 0.300 | 0.015b | 0.505 | 0.104 | 0.354 | 0.044b | −0.155 | 0.614 |
RSPO1, R-spondin 1; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
aCoefficients (r) were calculated using Spearman's method, bP<0.05, cP<0.01.