Table 2.
Summary Statistics on Behavioral, Subjective, and Cytokine Data by Training Group and Time
| Group ↓ | Setting → | Screening | Lab | Lab | Lab | EMAa | Lab | Lab | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week → | −1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Treatment | |||||||||
| Active | CP-Threshold (sec) | 18.72 (11.30) | 16.16 (6.46)b | 16.13 (5.67) | 16.21 (5.86) | 17.59 (9.34) | |||
| Mean (SD) | CP-Tolerance (sec) | 40.86 (21.71) | 37.42 (12.76)b | 34.41 (11.84) | 36.61 (20.45) | 31.58 (12.56) | |||
| BPI Severity | 1.28 (1.83) | 0.88 (1.56) | 0.78 (1.27) | 0.80 (1.30) | 1.10 (1.45) | ||||
| BPI Interference | 0.93 (1.74) | 0.90 (1.69) | 0.63 (1.23) | 0.67 (1.30) | 0.52 (0.89) | ||||
| POMS – Depression | 20.80 (5.33) | 18.90 (5.84) | 21.00 (6.46) | 19.20 (5.43) | 18.80 (7.57) | ||||
| POMS - Total Mood Disturbance | 43.10 (15.04) | 44.70 (14.43) | 50.30 (18.29) | 43.40 (17.51) | 40.70 (15.52) | ||||
| McGill Sensory | 10.33 (7.88) | 10.9 (8.32) | 10.80 (7.54) | 11.30 (8.26) | 12.50 (7.80) | ||||
| McGill Affective | 2.00 (3.32) | 1.70 (2.11) | 1.90 (3.45) | 2.40 (3.24) | 1.89 (3.48) | ||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.80 (0.58) | 0.67 (0.44) | |||||||
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.64 (1.30) | 1.11 (0.94) | |||||||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 2.86 (1.79) | 2.61 (1.74) | |||||||
| Pain (1–7) | 1.22 (0.63) | ||||||||
| SOWS (1–7) | 1.05 (0.24) | ||||||||
| Craving (1–7) | 1.04 (0.18) | ||||||||
| Control | CP-Threshold (sec) | 24.78 (13.77) | 24.37 (17.57) | 18.46 (6.86) | 25.75 (15.45) | 21.92 (7.93) | |||
| Mean (SD) | CP-Tolerance (sec) | 59.72 (30.40) | 52.56 (28.54) | 48.42 (36.62) | 51.52 (37.53) | 43.14 (15.46) | |||
| BPI Severity | 1.10 (1.93) | 0.95 (1.96) | 1.00 (1.81) | 1.18 (2.66) | 1.28 (2.57) | ||||
| BPI Interference | 0.97 (2.37) | 1.33 (2.07) | 1.04 (2.15) | 1.49 (2.57) | 1.20 (2.57) | ||||
| POMS – Depression | 18.90 (5.22) | 17.90 (3.35) | 16.70 (3.71) | 17.00 (5.01) | 17.80 (7.87) | ||||
| POMS - Total Mood Disturbance | 47.40 (22.63) | 41.88 (13.62) | 40.40 (15.38) | 42.30 (17.51) | 42.20 (23.61) | ||||
| McGill Sensory | 12.90 (8.69) | 13.10 (4.77) | 14.20 (11.05) | 13.30 (9.44) | 10.70 (8.82) | ||||
| McGill Affective | 1.50 (2.22) | 1.70 (2.11) | 2.20 (3.74) | 2.00 (3.74) | 2.30 (4.22) | ||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.72 (0.55) | 0.62 (0.53) | |||||||
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.14 (1.63) | 1.99 (2.53) | |||||||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 2.66 (0.80) | 2.53 (0.96) | |||||||
| Pain (1–7) | 1.14 (0.49) | ||||||||
| SOWS (1–7) | 1.03 (0.22) | ||||||||
| Craving (1–7) | 1.02 (0.20) | ||||||||
a
Table Note EMA occurred between Week 2 and Week 3 Laboratory visits.
b
CP-Threshold and CP-Tolerance were assessed post-intervention at Week 1. All other assessments were assessed pre-intervention at that visit. CP = Cold Pressor; BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; POMS = Profile of Mood States; SOWS = Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale