Table 3.
Predicted Mean Costs and Outcomes: Societal Perspective
| Variable | 24 Weeks | 36 Weeks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extended- Release Naltrexone |
Buprenorphin e–Naloxone |
Difference (±SE) (95% CI) |
Extended- Release Naltrexone |
Buprenorphine –Naloxone |
Difference (±SE) (95% CI) |
|
| Intention-to-treat results | ||||||
| Costs, 2016 USD | ||||||
| Study-provided detoxification | 3114 | 2687 | 427 ± 39 (351 to 503) | 3114 | 2687 | 427 ± 39 (351 to 503) |
| Study-provided treatment | 2167 | 917 | 1250 ± 113 (1029 to 1471) | 2167 | 917 | 1250 ± 113 (1029 to 1471) |
| Nonstudy treatment | 2475 | 1862 | 613 ± 566 (−496 to 1722) | 3650 | 3189 | 462 ± 757 (−1022 to 1946) |
| Other nonstudy medical costs | 11 168 | 8140 | 3027 ± 2065 (−1021 to 7075) | 18 065 | 15 692 | 2374 ± 4095 (−5652 to 10 400) |
| Criminal activity | 2801 | 5630 | −2829 ± 2082 (−6911 to 1253) | 4371 | 8550 | −4180 ± 4420 (−12 842 to 4482) |
| Workplace productivity (offset)* | −10 243 | −11 511 | 1268 ± 966 (−625 to 3161) | −15 293 | −16 667 | 1374 ± 1170 (−920 to 3668) |
| Patient costs | 78 | 295 | −217 ± 13 (−242 to −192) | 78 | 295 | −217 ± 13 (−242 to −192) |
| Total costs | 11 559 | 8020 | 3540 ± 3215 (−2761 to 9841) | 16 153 | 14 663 | 1490 ± 6268 (−10 796 to 13 776) |
| Outcomes, n | ||||||
| Annualized QALYs | 0.790 | 0.797 | −0.007 ± 0.011 (−0.028 to 0.020) | 0.850 | 0.856 | −0.006 ± 0.012 (−0.026 to 0.020) |
| Annualized abstinent years | 0.476 | 0.533 | −0.057 ± 0.032 (−0.122 to 0.004) | 0.545 | 0.596 | −0.051 ± 0.029 (−0.112 to 0.003) |
| Per protocol results | ||||||
| Costs, 2016 USD | ||||||
| Study-provided detoxification | 3036 | 2593 | 443 ± 39 (367 to 519) | 3036 | 2593 | 443 ± 39 (367 to 519) |
| Study-provided treatment | 2966 | 976 | 1990 ± 116 (1763 to 2217) | 2966 | 976 | 1990 ± 116 (1763 to 2217) |
| Nonstudy treatment | 1844 | 1634 | 210 ± 325 (−428 to 848) | 2712 | 2877 | −164 ± 515 (−1173 to 845) |
| Other nonstudy medical costs | 8449 | 7303 | 1146 ± 2053 (−2878 to 5170) | 12 153 | 13 105 | −952 ± 2894 (−6624 to 4720) |
| Criminal activity | 2075 | 4963 | −2888 ± 5266 (−13 209 to 7433) | 3542 | 7649 | −4107 ± 9554 (−22 833 to 14 619) |
| Workplace productivity (offset)* | −8585 | −8761 | 177 ± 924 (−1632 to 1986) | −12 902 | −12 616 | −286 ± 1096 (−2430 to 1858) |
| Patient costs | 104 | 322 | −218 ± 13 (−243 to −193) | 104 | 322 | −218 ± 13 (−243 to −193) |
| Total costs | 9889 | 9031 | 859 ± 5743 (−10 398 to 12 116) | 11 612 | 14 907 | −3295 ± 10 086 (−23 064 to 16 474) |
| Outcomes, n | ||||||
| Annualized QALYs | 0.790 | 0.794 | −0.0038 ± 0.011 (−0.028 to 0.020) | 0.852 | 0.852 | −0.0002 ± 0.0128 (−0.025 to 0.025) |
| Annualized abstinent years | 0.593 | 0.546 | 0.05 ± 0.03 (−0.020 to 0.115) | 0.639 | 0.609 | 0.03 ± 0.03 (−0.032 to 0.093) |
QALY = quality-adjusted life-year; USD = U.S. dollars.
*
Indicates that a higher value is a benefit to society.