Table 2:

Spearman’s Correlations of Loneliness in Women and Men

	Total		Women		Men
	N	rho	N	rho	N	rho	Z	p
Sociodemographic Measures
Age	340	−0.01	170	0.03	170	−0.06	0.82	0.41
Race/Ethnicitya	340	−0.02	170	−0.02	170	−0.01	−0.09	0.93
Educationb	326	−0.03	164	−0.09	164	0.01	−0.9	0.37
Current marital statusc	326	0.17***	164	0.12	164	0.24**	−1.1	0.27
Living aloned	332	−0.21***	165	−0.18*	165	−0.28***	0.95	0.34
Personal Incomee	319	−0.19**	168	−0.15*	168	−0.21**	0.56	0.58
Negative psychological traits/states
Depression (PHQ-9)	332	0.43***	169	0.45***	164	0.40***	0.55	0.58
Anxiety (BSI)	338	0.32***	170	0.33***	168	0.33***	<0.01	0.99
Perceived Stress (PSS)	333	0.49***	166	0.53***	168	0.49***	0.49	0.62
Positive psychological traits/states
Resilience (CD-RISC)	334	−0.47***	168	−0.55***	167	−0.38***	−1.98	0.05
Optimism (LOTR)	336	−0.46***	169	−0.45***	167	−0.48***	0.35	0.73
Mental well-being (SF-36)	336	−0.46***	167	−0.44***	167	−0.47***	0.34	0.74
Wisdom (SD-WISE)	217	−0.53***	104	−0.51***	113	−0.56***	0.51	0.61
Subjective Cognition
Cognitive complaints (CFQ)	329	0.38***	170	0.43***	166	0.27***	1.66	0.10
Physical health
Physical Functioning (SF-361)	336	−0.12*	169	−0.16*	167	−0.09	−0.65	0.52

BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory – Anxiety subscale; measure of anxiety (Derogatis and Melisaratos, 1983)

CD-RISC = Connor Davidson Resilience Scale; measure of resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003)

CFQ = Cognitive Failures Questionnaire; measure of forgetfulness, distractibility and false triggering (Broadbent 1982, Rast 2008)

LOTR = Life Orientation Test – Revised; measure of optimism (Scheier 1994)

PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; measure of depression (Kroenke 2001)

PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; measure of perceived stress (Cohen 1983)

SD-WISE = San Diego Wisdom Scale; measure of wisdom (Thomas 2017)

SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Survey - Short Form 36; measure of mental and physical functioning (Ware and Sherbourne 1992)

^aRace/Ethnicity is coded as: 101 = Caucasian, 102 = Non-Caucasian

^bEducation is coded as 101 = High school and below, 102 = Some College to Bachelor’s Degree, 103 = Post-Graduate Degree

^cCurrent marital status is coded as: 101 = Currently Married/Cohabitating, 102 = Currently Single

^dLiving alone is coded as: 0 = Lives alone, 1 = Lives with someone

^ePersonal Income is coded as: 1 = Less than $10,000, 2 = $10,000 to $19,999, 3 = $20,000 to $34,999, 4 = $35,000 to $49,999, 5 = $50,000 to $74,999, 6 = $75,000 to $99,999, 7 = $100,000 to $149,999, 8 = $150,000 or more.

^*= p < 0.05,

^**= p < 0.01;

^***= p < 0.001