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. 2016 Mar 17;3:45–57. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.02.007

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

3D tissue constructs created using photolithography. (A) Multilayer digitally specified hydrogels with spatially heterogeneous 3D structures. (a) The process of fabrication of 3D structured hydrogels using multilayer photolithography. (b) Microfabricated array of multilayer digitally specified 3D tissue prototypes. Source: Gurkan et al. [61], copyright (2013) with permission from John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (B) 3D hydrogels patterning using gelatin based photodegradable hydrogels. (a) Micropatterning procedure. (b) Micropatterned photodegradable hydrogels. Source: Yanagawa et al. [75], copyright (2014) with permission from John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (C) Photopatterning of hydrogel scaffolds for perfusion culture. (a) Hydrogel scaffold fabrication. (b–c) Design of perfused bioreactor. (d) Cell viability in fabricated 3D scaffold. Green: live; red: dead cells. Source: Neiman et al. [80], copyright (2015) with permission from John Wiley and Sons, Inc.