Table 5.

Phytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against the radicle and germ elongation of rice and lettuce seeds.

Compound	Concentration (μg/mL)	Rice seeds, inhibitory rate (%) a		Lettuce seeds, inhibitory rate (%) a
		Radical elongation	Germ elongation	Radical elongation	Germ elongation
12	50	65.37 ± 3.54c	20.33 ± 6.74c	8.31 ± 1.06ij	14.73 ± 3.07hi
	100	88.42 ± 1.79b	29.81 ± 7.01c	16.06 ± 1.77fg	15.68 ± 1.35hi
	200	98.33 ± 3.33a	51.92 ± 8.85b	58.30 ± 3.91e	33.58 ± 3.32d
	400	98.86 ± 1.41a	64.84 ± 6.65a	100.00 ± 0.00a	100.00 ± 0.00a
13	50	9.79 ± 5.90c	14.56 ± 7.93a	7.82 ± 1.53j	8.55 ± 2.02j
	100	23.49 ± 9.38b	12.91 ± 3.52a	11.74 ± 2.82hi	13.64 ± 2.64i
	200	35.07 ± 8.80b	14.70 ± 5.63a	18.85 ± 2.97f	16.85 ± 3.35ghi
	400	68.47 ± 5.31a	18.41 ± 7.18a	100.00 ± 0.00a	100.00 ± 0.00a
14	50	7.49 ± 3.66b	3.57 ± 7.14c	3.95 ± 0.57k	6.00 ± 0.27j
	100	5.37 ± 5.35b	16.62 ± 3.25b	11.72 ± 2.59hi	21.06 ± 2.73fg
	200	4.38 ± 7.19b	18.41 ± 6.80b	15.95 ± 2.47fg	26.87 ± 4.15e
	400	45.89 ± 6.87a	36.95 ± 5.06a	60.60 ± 1.31e	50.87 ± 4.34c
16	50	18.25 ± 6.04b	12.64 ± 10.63bc	9.96 ± 1.28hij	8.97 ± 2.04j
	100	23.24 ± 8.05b	7.55 ± 6.29b	13.03 ± 1.92gh	17.21 ± 3.28fghi
	200	43.83 ± 1.28a	22.25 ± 8.62ab	18.86 ± 2.08f	21.31 ± 3.68f
	400	51.49 ± 5.09a	31.46 ± 3.02a	100.00 ± 0.00a	100.00 ± 0.00a
Glyphosateb	50	84.51 ± 3.29c	59.34 ± 8.94c	75.92 ± 2.80d	18.51 ± 0.77fgh
	100	93.93 ± 2.24b	74.18 ± 3.17ab	77.41 ± 3.59cd	27.63 ± 0.95e
	200	95.80 ± 1.30b	72.12 ± 4.43b	80.23 ± 1.77bc	28.80 ± 2.43e
	400	99.62 ± 0.76a	81.46 ± 4.36a	82.97 ± 1.53b	56.81 ± 3.65b

^aThe values were expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicated significant differences among treatments in each column at p ≤ 0.05.

^bPositive control.