Fig. 4. Ageing as a new dimension of high-throughput mouse phenotyping.

There is increasing interest in the use of ageing pipelines to reveal novel phenotypes, particularly those that might model age-related disease. We illustrate a typical plan for an ageing phenotyping pipeline (mouse age: week 8 to week 60). Cohorts of mutant mice would as usual enter a phase of early-adult phenotyping, including where appropriate embryo analyses. At the end of early-adult phenotyping, some mice from the cohort may be removed from the pipeline for terminal assays. The remaining cohort proceeds to ageing, and subsequently, at around one year or older, adult phenotyping is repeated (late-adult phenotyping) followed by terminal tests. The intervening period between early and late adult phenotyping provides a window for additional phenotyping tests that might not be part of the standard adult phenotyping pipeline.