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. 2019 Jun 12;10:776. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00776

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Copyright © 2019 Miyamoto, Uemura, Nemoto, Daito, Nozawa, Sawasaki and Arimura.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dual luciferase (LUC) activity mediated through CRK-activated WRKY14 or RAP2.6. Four inverted repeats of W-box or GCC-box fragment fused to a minimal TATA-box and a firefly LUC (Fluc) reporter gene. Transient activation of the reporter gene according to co-expression with (+) or without (-) WRKY14 (A) or RAP2.6 (B), WT or kinase dead-mutant (KD) of CRK2 or CRK3 in Arabidopsis protoplast cells was assessed. Renilla luciferase (Rluc) activity was used to normalize for the efficiency of transformation. Data represent the mean and standard error (n = 3). Means indicated by different small letters are significantly different, based on a one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s HSD (P < 0.05).