Table 2. . Summary of published evidence on surveillance imaging in the detection of melanoma recurrences.

Study and design	Stage	Surveillance imaging regimen	% of total recurrences identified by imaging	% of distant recurrences identified by imaging	Ref.
Garbe et al. (2003) prospective, multi-center n = 2008	I–III	Abdominal U/S, chest x-ray and nodal basin U/S annually for Stage I–II or bi-annually for Stage III	47%	N/R	[19]
Podlipnik et al. (2016) prospective, single center n = 290	IIB–III	Whole body CT and brain MRI bi-annually for 5 years, then chest x-ray for years 5–10	56.7%	83.6%	[23]
Park et al. (2017) retrospective, single center n = 466	II–IV (resected)	CT scan at least biannually for 2 years and then annual for 3 years	59%	75%	[24]
Lim et al. (2018) retrospective, single center n = 173	IIB–III	CT C/A/P or PET/CT, brain MRI biannually for 3 years and then annual up to 5 years	66%	N/R	[25]
Lewin et al. (2018) retrospective, single center n = 170	III	Biannual PET/CT at least twice and up to 2 years; brain MRI at 6 and 12 months for Stage IIIC	70%	N/R	[22]
Livingstone et al. (2015) prospective, multi-center n = 668	0–IV	Quarterly (35%) Bi-annual (40%) Annual (16%)	77%	96.5%	[26]
Leon-Ferre et al. (2017) retrospective, single-center n = 299	III–IV (resected)	At least one PET/CT as part of surveillance within 1 year of definitive surgery	60%	N/R	[21]
Madu et al. (2017) prospective, single-center n = 18	IIIB–IIIC	PET/CT biannually for 2 years	89%	N/R	[27]
Romano et al. (2010) retrospective, single-center n = 340	III	Typically CT scans at quarterly to biannual clinical visits but no standard regimen	N/R	53%	[30]
Lee et al. (2016) retrospective, single-center n = 738	II	Imaging performed at discretion of physician	N/R	47%	[29]
Berger et al. (2017) retrospective, two centers n = 581	II	Imaging performed at discretion of physician	21% 50% (Stage IIA)	N/R	[28]

CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; PET: Positron emission tomography; U/S: Ultrasound.