Table 1.
Studies of second-generation antipsychotics and microbiota in rodents
| Cohort description | Drug(s) | Microbial taxonomy alterations | Microbial diversity alterations | Host metabolic alteration | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rats (treated in high/low doses vs. control) | Olanzapine | Firmicutes ↑, Bacteroidetes↓, Proteobacteria↓, Actinobacteria↓ (in female rats only) | Diversity ↓ |
In females: Weight gain in females, rise in food intake, increased liver size, increased visceral fat. In males and females: Increased visceral fat, increased macrophage infiltration to adipose tissue, decreased locomotion |
Ireland | [42] |
| Rats (treated vs. control) | Olanzapine | Firmicutes ↑, Bacteroidetes ↓, Proteobacteria↓ | Rapid weight gain, increased visceral fat, increased macrophage infiltration to adipose tissue, increased free fatty acids in plasma. | Ireland | [95] | |
| Rats (treated vs. treated with antibiotics) | Olanzapine and antibiotics | Following antibiotics: Firmicutes ↓, Bacteroidetes ↑, Proteobacteria↑ | Following antibiotics: less weight gain | Ireland | [95] | |
| Mice (treated vs. control from 8 strains) | Olanzapine and high fat diet | Erysipelotrichi ↑, Gammaproteobacteria ↑, Bacteroidia ↓ | Weight gain differing by strain | USA | [49] | |
| Mice (treated germ-free) | Olanzapine (with/without fecal transplant) | Weight gain only after fecal transplants from conventionally raised mice | USA | [49] | ||
| Female mice (treated vs. control) | Risperidone | Erysipelotrichaceae family ↑, Mollicutes class ↑, Alistipes spp. ↑, Actinobacteria phylum ↑ | Weight gain, reduction in energy expenditure | USA | [96] |