Figure 2.

Simulated vegetation transitions in scaling vegetation dynamics (SVD) for Kalkalpen National Park under climate scenario C3 (validation set, data not used for training of the DNN). (a) Distribution of the vegetation state regarding composition, structure and functioning at the landscape scale over 500 years. (b) Spatial distribution of vegetation composition, comparing SVD to the process based model (PBM) iLand after 100 and 500 simulation years. Shown are the 18 most frequently occuring compositional types. The used species codes are ‘piab’ for Picea abies, ‘pisy’ for Pinus sylvestris, ‘lade’ for Larix decidua, ‘fasy’ for Fagus sylvatica, and ‘abal’ for Abies alba. Dominant species (i.e. >66% of the biomass) are indicated by uppercase species codes