Table 2.
Demographics, World Trade Center (WTC) exposures, and injury and health history by consistency on injury status between World Trade Center Health Registry Wave 1 and the Health and Quality of Life 15 Years after 9/11 Study, stratified by injury status at Wave 1
| Injured at Wave 1 | Not injured at Wave 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consistent (N = 1003, 50.4%) | Discrepant (N = 986, 49.6%) | Consistent (N = 1818, 92.7%) | Discrepant (N = 144, 7.3%) | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | aRRa,b (95% CI) | N (%) | N (%) | aRRa,c (95% CI) | |
| Age at time of study invitation (years) | ||||||
| 31–49 | 181 (46.1) | 212 (53.9) | 1.00 (Reference) | 479 (95.0) | 25 (5.0) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 50–59 | 380 (53.9) | 325 (46.1) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 529 (92.6) | 42 (7.4) | 1.24 (0.73, 2.10) |
| 60–69 | 333 (50.5) | 327 (49.5) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 568 (91.0) | 56 (9.0) | 1.46 (0.84, 2.55) |
| 70–94 | 109 (47.2) | 122 (52.8) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) | 242 (92.0) | 21 (8.0) | 2.15 (1.07, 4.34) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 614 (51.0) | 591 (49.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | 975 (92.2) | 83 (7.8) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Women | 389 (49.6) | 395 (50.4) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 843 (93.3) | 61 (6.7) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.04) |
| Race/ Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 715 (50.0) | 715 (50.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1386 (93.6) | 95 (6.4) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Black | 112 (51.9) | 104 (48.1) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 155 (89.6) | 18 (10.4) | 1.38 (0.81, 2.33) |
| Latino | 117 (54.2) | 99 (45.8) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | 150 (87.7) | 21 (12.3) | 1.15 (0.67, 1.98) |
| Asian | 31 (44.9) | 38 (55.1) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.37) | 78 (90.7) | 8 (9.3) | 1.70 (0.83, 3.47) |
| Other race | 28 (48.3) | 30 (51.7) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) | 49 (96.1) | 2 (3.9) | 0.58 (0.15, 2.21) |
| Education at Wave 4 | ||||||
| ≤ High school/ GED | 137 (53.7) | 118 (46.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | 150 (89.8) | 17 (10.2) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Some college | 365 (51.1) | 349 (48.9) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.18) | 340 (88.3) | 45 (11.7) | 1.77 (0.89, 3.50) |
| College | 294 (51.5) | 277 (48.5) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 641 (93.4) | 45 (6.6) | 1.47 (0.73, 2.97) |
| Graduate degree | 198 (45.9) | 233 (54.1) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.21) | 675 (95.1) | 35 (4.9) | 1.49 (0.72, 3.09) |
| Marital Status at Wave 4 | ||||||
| Married/cohabitating | 624 (47.6) | 686 (52.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1285 (93.8) | 85 (6.2) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Divorced | 182 (61.3) | 115 (38.7) | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) | 178 (87.3) | 26 (12.7) | 1.63 (1.03, 2.56) |
| Widowed | 50 (54.3) | 42 (45.7) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 56 (91.8) | 5 (8.2) | 1.00 (0.41, 2.42) |
| Never married | 128 (49.4) | 131 (50.6) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 291 (92.4) | 24 (7.6) | 1.14 (0.69, 1.90) |
| Income at Wave 4 | ||||||
| ≤ $50,000 | 250 (61.4) | 157 (38.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | 239 (87.9) | 33 (12.1) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| $50,000–$150,000 | 453 (47.6) | 499 (52.4) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 842 (91.8) | 75 (8.2) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.39) |
| ≥ $150,000 | 236 (46.9) | 267 (53.1) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 647 (96.3) | 25 (3.7) | 0.60 (0.32, 1.13) |
| Employment status at Wave 4 | ||||||
| Employed | 492 (45.5) | 589 (54.5) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1202 (94.1) | 76 (5.9) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Retired | 282 (50.2) | 280 (49.8) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 436 (90.8) | 44 (9.2) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.66) |
| Student/Homemaker | 6 (40.0) | 9 (60.0) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 43 (93.5) | 3 (6.5) | 2.05 (0.52, 8.06) |
| Unemployed due to health reasons | 168 (77.1) | 50 (22.9) | 0.54 (0.41, 0.71) | 51 (78.5) | 14 (21.5) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.28) |
| Unemployed due to other reasons | 31 (42.5) | 42 (57.5) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.36) | 64 (94.1) | 4 (5.9) | 0.81 (0.31, 2.10) |
| Eligibility group | ||||||
| Rescue and recovery worker | 423 (51.3) | 401 (48.7) | 1.00 (Reference) | 241 (89.3) | 29 (10.7) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Lower Manhattan resident | 66 (51.2) | 63 (48.8) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.21) | 252 (95.1) | 13 (4.9) | 0.46 (0.22, 0.97) |
| Lower Manhattan area worker/passerby | 514 (49.6) | 522 (50.4) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 1325 (92.9) | 102 (7.1) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.23) |
| WTC exposure score | ||||||
| None/low | 25 (24.3) | 78 (75.7) | 1.00 (Reference) | 537 (95.0) | 28 (5.0) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 228 (37.9) | 373 (62.1) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 896 (94.1) | 56 (5.9) | 1.15 (0.70, 1.89) |
| High | 491 (52.2) | 449 (47.8) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.87) | 355 (87.2) | 52 (12.8) | 1.80 (1.08, 3.02) |
| Very high | 259 (75.1) | 86 (24.9) | 0.47 (0.38, 0.59) | 30 (78.9) | 8 (21.1) | 2.58 (1.13, 5.88) |
| Ever-PTSDd | ||||||
| No | 314 (38.2) | 508 (61.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1357 (96.1) | 55 (3.9) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 641 (61.0) | 410 (39.0) | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) | 354 (82.5) | 75 (17.5) | 3.32 (2.25, 4.90) |
| Types of injuries specified at Wave 1 | ||||||
| Cut | 618 (56.5) | 476 (43.5) | 0.81 (0.75, 0.88) | |||
| Broken bone | 102 (87.9) | 14 (12.1) | 0.33 (0.19, 0.57) | |||
| Burn | 149 (64.5) | 82 (35.5) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.90) | |||
| Concussion | 81 (94.2) | 5 (5.8) | 0.22 (0.09, 0.50) | |||
| Sprain | 581 (50.3) | 575 (49.7) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Injury typee count as measured at Wave 1 | ||||||
| 1 | 624 (42.7) | 836 (57.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| 2f | 270 (66.2) | 138 (33.8) | 0.60 (0.51, 0.69) | |||
| 3 | 75 (89.3) | 9 (10.7) | ||||
| 4 | 28 (93.3) | 2 (6.7) | ||||
| 5 | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | ||||
aRisk ratio models the outcome as being discordant on injury status
bModel fit among those who specified they were injured at Wave 1 includes all covariates listed in this column
cModel fit among those who specified they were not injured at Wave 1 includes all covariates listed in this column
dEver had a PCL score ≥ 44 on Wave 1, Wave 2, Wave 3, and/or Wave 4
eCount of the following injury types: cut, broken bone, burn, concussion, sprain
fRisk ratio represents comparison between those who had two or more injuries versus those who had just one