A. 144epi cells were treated with 60 ng/ml of CXCL1 over time and analyzed by immunoblot for expression of the indicated proteins. B. 144epi cells were treated with 60 ng/ml CXCL1 in the presence or absence of: 5 μM NF-κB inhibitor (Bay11–7082), 1 μM MEK inhibitor (U0126),0.28 μM AKT inhibitor (MK2206) and 1mM Stat3 peptide inhibitors (Stat3i), and analyzed for changes in transwell invasion over 24 hours. Statistical analysis was determined by One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Transwell assays were plated in triplicate per group. Experiments were performed three times. Statistical significance was determined by p <0.05. **p<0.05, ***p<0.001, ns=not significant. Mean±SEM are shown.