Fig 9. Role of fibroblasts in invasive progression of breast lesions.
Decreased expression of TGF-β in stromal fibroblasts increase expression of CXCL1, which acts on CXCR2 expressed on mammary epithelial cells. CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling increases activation of: NF-κB, AKT, Stat3 and p42/44MAPK to enhance cellular invasion.