Table. Association of Youth BMI, TMI, and SST With Adult Obesity-Related Outcomes.
| Adult Outcome Youth Measures | OR (95% CI) | AUC (95% CI) | NRI | AUC (95% CI)a | NRIa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2D (n = 2626) | |||||
| BMI | 1.78 (1.54-2.07)b | 0.682 (0.633-0.731) | 1 [Reference] | 0.688 (0.640-0.736) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 1.22 (1.03-1.44)b | 0.562 (0.507-0.616)b | NA | 0.682 (0.634-0.730) | NA |
| SST | 1.52 (1.34-1.72)b | 0.661 (0.610-0.712) | NA | 0.683 (0.634-0.731) | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.687 (0.639-0.734) | −0.05 | 0.688 (0.640-0.736) | 0.10 |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.684 (0.635-0.733) | 0.03 | 0.690 (0.643-0.738) | 0.16 |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.663 (0.612-0.714) | NA | 0.689 (0.641-0.736) | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.688 (0.640-0.736) | 0.02 | 0.690 (0.643-0.738) | 0.12 |
| Obesity (n = 2597)c | |||||
| BMI | 2.09 (1.89-2.32)b | 0.694 (0.669-0.720) | 1 [Reference] | 0.726 (0.701-0.751) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 1.61 (1.46-1.77)b | 0.648 (0.622-0.673)b | NA | 0.673 (0.647-0.699)b | NA |
| SST | 1.80 (1.64-1.98)b | 0.681 (0.655-0.707) | NA | 0.683 (0.656-0.709)b | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.708 (0.682-0.733)b | 0.38b | 0.734 (0.709-0.759)b | 0.09 |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.698 (0.673-0.723)b | 0.07 | 0.726 (0.701-0.751) | −0.06 |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.690 (0.664-0.715) | NA | 0.689 (0.663-0.715)b | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.708 (0.683-0.734)b | 0.35c | 0.735 (0.710-0.759)b | 0.10 |
| Hypertension (n = 2598)c | |||||
| BMI | 1.64 (1.49-1.80)b | 0.641 (0.615-0.667) | 1 [Reference] | 0.660 (0.634-0.685) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 0.91 (0.83-1.01) | 0.533 (0.505-0.561b | NA | 0.656 (0.631-0.682) | NA |
| SST | 1.41 (1.29-1.53)b | 0.613 (0.586-0.640)b | NA | 0.660 (0.635-0.686) | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.657 (0.632-0.683)b | 0.24b | 0.660 (0.634-0.685) | −0.00 |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.641 (0.615-0.667) | 0.12 | 0.661 (0.635-0.686) | −0.02 |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.636 (0.610-0.662) | NA | 0.660 (0.634-0.686) | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.659 (0.633-0.684)b | 0.25b | 0.661 (0.635-0.686) | 0.06 |
| High cIMT (n = 2488)c | |||||
| BMI | 1.19 (1.06-1.34)b | 0.547 (0.512-0.582) | 1 [Reference] | 0.568 (0.533-0.603) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 1.18 (1.06-1.33)b | 0.553 (0.519-0.587) | NA | 0.554 (0.520-0.589) | NA |
| SST | 1.17 (1.06-1.31)b | 0.552 (0.517-0.587) | NA | 0.557 (0.521-0.592) | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.561 (0.526-0.595) | 0.06 | 0.569 (0.534-0.604) | 0.00 |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.552 (0.517-0.587) | 0.07 | 0.569 (0.534-0.604) | 0.04 |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.564 (0.529-0.598) | NA | 0.563 (0.529-0.597) | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.563 (0.529-0.597) | 0.09 | 0.570 (0.535-0.606) | −0.02 |
| High LDL-C (n = 2588)c | |||||
| BMI | 1.32 (1.20-1.46)b | 0.587 (0.556-0.617) | 1 [Reference] | 0.609 (0.581-0.637) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 0.85 (0.76-0.95)b | 0.544 (0.514-0.573)b | NA | 0.608 (0.580-0.636) | NA |
| SST | 1.11 (1.01-1.23)b | 0.526 (0.495-0.557)b | NA | 0.614 (0.586-0.642) | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.611 (0.582-0.640)b | 0.20b | 0.611 (0.583-0.640) | 0.07 |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.602 (0.574-0.631)b | 0.23b | 0.615 (0.587-0.643) | 0.13b |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.566 (0.537-0.594) | NA | 0.614 (0.586-0.642) | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.612 (0.584-0.640)b | 0.21b | 0.614 (0.586-0.642) | 0.20b |
| Low HDL-C (n = 2605)c | |||||
| BMI | 1.06 (0.96-1.16) | 0.509 (0.482-0.537) | 1 [Reference] | 0.546 (0.518-0.574) | 1 [Reference] |
| TMI | 1.07 (0.98-1.18) | 0.516 (0.487-0.544) | NA | 0.532 (0.504-0.559) | NA |
| SST | 1.03 (0.93-1.13) | 0.487 (0.459-0.516)b | NA | 0.530 (0.503-0.558) | NA |
| BMI and TMI | NA | 0.511 (0.483-0.540) | 0.11 | 0.571 (0.544-0.599)b | 0.17b |
| BMI and SST | NA | 0.514 (0.486-0.541) | 0.10 | 0.548 (0.521-0.576) | 0.09 |
| TMI and SST | NA | 0.515 (0.486-0.543) | NA | 0.530 (0.502-0.558) | NA |
| BMI, TMI, and SST | NA | 0.519 (0.491-0.547) | 0.06 | 0.571 (0.543-0.598)b | 0.15b |
Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not applicable; NRI, Net Reclassification Improvement; OR, odds ratio; SST, subscapular skinfold thickness; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TMI, triponderal mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters cubed).
Age included in the model.
Statistically significant (compared with BMI alone for AUC and NRI).
High cIMT was defined as a cIMT in the 90th percentile or greater for age-, sex-, and study year–specific values; hypertension, systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or self-reported use of blood pressure–lowering medication; LDL-C level of 160 mg/dL or higher or taking lipid-lowering medication; and HDL-C level of 40 mg/dL or lower.