Table 4. OR (95% CI) Associations Between Prenatal Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Levels and Language Delay in Children in TIDES.
| Compound | OR (95 % CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crudea | Adjustedb | Adjusted for all Covariates and Sex × Exposure | Stratification and Adjustmentd | |||
| Adjusted for All Covariates and Interaction Termc | P Value for Interaction Term | Boys (n = 185)d | Girls (n = 185)d | |||
| MEP | 1.05 (0.88-1.25) | 0.98 (0.79-1.23) | 0.73 (0.38-1.41) | .34 | 0.85 (0.66-1.11) | 1.07 (0.76-1.50) |
| MBP | 1.40 (1.08-1.80) | 1.26 (0.93-1.71) | 1.87 (0.73-4.81) | .38 | 1.15 (1.00-2.10) | 1.15 (0.72-1.84) |
| MiBP | 1.48 (1.12-1.96) | 1.41 (0.99-2.01) | 1.90 (0.63-5.77) | .57 | 1.45 (0.95-2.21) | 0.95 (0.57-1.56) |
| Sum DBP | 1.43 (1.08-1.88) | 1.29 (0.91-1.84) | 1.97 (0.67-5.79) | .42 | 1.47 (0.96-2.24) | 1.06 (0.63-1.78) |
| MBzP | 1.28 (1.04-1.58) | 1.16 (0.90-1.48) | 1.02 (0.49-2.11) | .72 | 1.16 (0.88-1.53) | 1.17 (0.80-1.71) |
| MEHP | 1.10 (0.88-1.39) | 1.07 (0.81-1.41) | 1.95 (0.89-4.26) | .12 | 1.25 (0.93-1.69) | 0.85 (0.55-1.30) |
| MEHHP | 1.14 (0.91-1.43) | 1.15 (0.87-1.51) | 1.56 (0.70-3.48) | .43 | 1.23 (0.92-1.63) | 1.11 (0.72-1.71) |
| MEOHP | 1.08 (0.84-1.37) | 1.10 (0.82-1.46) | 1.51 (0.66-3.48) | .33 | 1.19 (0.88-1.61) | 1.12 (0.72-1.74) |
| MECPP | 1.24 (0.97-1.58) | 1.19 (0.89-1.60) | 1.32 (0.81-2.14) | .63 | 1.19 (0.86-1.65) | 1.16 (0.72-1.86) |
Abbreviations: DBP, dibutyl phthalate; MBiP, monoisobutyl phthalate; MBP, monobutyl phthalate; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MECPP, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; OR, odds ratio; TIDES, The Infant Development and the Environment Study.
Model 1: adjusted for urinary-specific gravity.
Model 2: adjusted for creatinine urinary-specific gravity; sex; preterm birth; mother’s educational level and race/ethnicity; and mother’s smoking status and weight at study enrollment.
Model 3: adjusted for urinary-specific gravity; sex; preterm birth; mother’s educational level and race/ethnicity; and mother’s smoking status and weight at study enrollment as well as the interaction term (sex × exposure).
Adjusted for urinary-specific gravity; preterm birth; mother’s educational level and race/ethnicity; and mother’s smoking status and weight at study enrollment.