Table 1. Demographic Data, Clinical Scores, and Laboratory Parameters Related to Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Stress Axis Activation (Cortisol and Catecholamine Metabolites)^a.

	Median (Quartile 1-Quartile 3)		Mann-Whitney U Test	P Value
	Patients With Schizophrenia (n = 24)	Controls (n = 24)
Sex, No. male/female	13/11	14/10		>.99b
Age, y	31.0 (25.0-37.5)	31.5 (25.3-37.5)	286.0	.98
PANSS P scorec	17.0 (12.5-19.2)	NA
PANSS N scorec	9.5 (4.5-19.8)	NA
PANSS G scorec	24.5 (22.8-34.2)	NA
PANSS sum scorec	55.0 (44.0-68.2)	NA
BMI, kg/m2	22.2 (21.0-27.4)	24.7 (21.6-27.6)	239.0	.32
Waist-hip ratio, cm/cm	0.87 (0.82-0.91)	0.85 (0.81-0.91)	295.5	.88
HOMA-IR, mU*mmol/L	0.72 (0.38-2.28)	0.36 (0.26-0.84)	382.0	.02d
Insulin, μIU/mL (to convert to picomoles per liter, multiply by 6.945)	3.07 (1.62-7.43)	1.79 (1.27-3.22)	374.0	.04d
Glucose, mg/dL (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555)	89 (86-108)	83 (79-90)	409.0	.01d
Cortisol, µg/dL (to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 27.588)	26.65 (17.78-40.30)	18.60 (15.30-24.50)	374.0	.04d
Metanephrine, µg/g creatinine	71.5 (42.9-127.1)	42.9 (31.7-75.0)	395.5	.03d
Normetanephrine, µg/g creatinine	147.7 (89.1-217.7)	98.7 (50.6-158.0)	373.0	.08
Smoking, cigarettes/d	10.0 (0.25-17.00)	0 (0-3)	444.0	.001d

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); G, general psychopathology scale; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; N, negative scale; P, positive scale; NA, not applicable; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome scale.

^aStatistical tests were 2-tailed, P < .05 was considered significant, and a P value of less than .10 was considered a statistical trend.

^bFisher exact test.

^cCorrected scores (subtraction of minimum scores representing “no symptoms” from the PANSS scores).

^dSignificant P values.