Table. Paid Childbearing and Family Leave for Trainees With New Children at 15 GME-Sponsoring Institutions Associated With 12 Top US Medical Schools.

Medical Schoola	Affiliated GME-Sponsoring Institution	Institution-Level Policies for Paid Childbirth Leave (Birth Mothers)		Institution-Level Policies for Paid Family Leave (Non–Birth Mothers, Fathers, and Adoptive Parents)
		Childbirth Leaveb	Constraints, Clarifications, and Related Provisionsc	Family Leave	Constraints, Clarifications, and Related Provisionsc
Columbia University	New York Presbyterian Hospitald	6 Weeks	Additive to any disability entitlements or leaves under New York State Paid Family Leave law, which can extend leave up to 26 weeks, a portion of which is paid	6 Weeks for primary parent or 2 weeks for secondary parent	Primary vs secondary parent status is self determined; New York State Paid Family Leave law can extend leave up to 26 weeks, a portion of which is paid
Duke University	Duke University Hospital	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy
Harvard University
	Brigham and Women’s and Massachusetts General Hospitals (Partners HealthCare)e,f	Up to 8 weeks	If childbearing causes significant illness beyond the 8 weeks, sick leave may be used (12 days per year, which may accrue to a maximum of 60 days); vacation time may be used to extend paid leave to 12 weeks	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy; vacation time may be used to extend leave to 12 weeks
	Boston Children’s Hospital	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy
	Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center	No institutional policy beyond sick leave	Birth mothers permitted to use up to 8 weeks sick leave paid at 100% by short-term disability followed by 4 weeks sick leave paid at 60%, which can be extended by 14 weeks paid at 60% if medically necessary; vacation time may be used to extend leave	No institutional policy beyond sick leave	Unpaid unless trainee elects to use vacation time
Johns Hopkins University	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	8 Weeks paid leave (not specifically for childbearing parent)	May combine with paid sick leave (5 additional weeks) and unused vacation (for up to a total of 17 weeks)	8 Weeks (total granted for any new parent, not additive to the 8 weeks provided to childbearing mothers)	May combine with vacation
University of Michigan	Michigan Medicine/University of Michigan Health System	6 Weeks	2 Additional weeks for cesarean delivery; up to an additional 6 months paid sick leave available if medically necessary	2 Weeks if father, same-sex domestic partner of a birthing mother, or secondary caregiver of an adoptive child; 6 weeks at time of adoption if the house officer is the primary caregiver	May combine with 2 weeks of vacation
University of Pennsylvania
	Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania	Up to 6 weeks paid leave (not specifically for childbearing parent)	May be extended by short-term disability and vacation	6 Weeks for any new parent (not additive to childbearing leave)	May be extended by vacation
	Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy	No institutional policy	Paid leave determined by departmental policy
University of Pittsburgh	UPMC Medical Education	No institutional policy beyond sick leave	Birth mothers permitted to use sick leave paid at 100% by short-term disability (typically 6-8 weeks)	No institutional policy beyond vacation
University of California, San Francisco	University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine	Minimum of 2 weeks (for any new parent; not specific to childbearing mothers)	May combine with 12 days’ paid sick leave and vacation	Minimum of 2 weeks (for all new parents; not additive to that listed for childbearing mothers)	May be extended by vacation
Stanford University	Stanford Health Care	No institutional policy beyond sick leave and/or state disability benefits	May use available sick leave (up to 20 days) and personal time off (up to 3 weeks) to supplement applicable state disability benefits	1 Week specified for paternity
University of Washington	University of Washington School of Medicine	No institutional policy beyond sick leave	May use available sick leave (17 days per year), vacation, and personal holiday time	No institutional policy	Up to 4 months of parental leave may be granted; the resident may use a combination of vacation, up to 10 days of sick leave, personal holiday, and leave without pay
Washington University St Louis	Washington University/BJH/SLCH Consortiumg	No institutional policy beyond sick leave	May use available sick leave (up to 10 days) and vacation (20 days)	No institutional policy
Yale University	Yale–New Haven Hospital	4 Weeks	2 Additional weeks for cesarean delivery; can be extended with written documentation of continued medical need by treating physician; additive to 6 weeks parenting leave	6 Weeks (additive beyond the maternity leave for childbearing mothers for total of 10 weeks for birth mothers)	Applies to adopting and fostering mothers and fathers of children from birth, adoption, or fostering

Abbreviations: BJH, Barnes-Jewish Hospital; GME, graduate medical education; NIH, National Institutes of Health; SLCH, St Louis Children’s Hospital; UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

^aMedical schools selected as in Riano et al.³ Selected schools were among the top 10 in 1 of the following rankings: (1) US News and World Report (“Best Medical Schools: Research”; 2016. https://tinyurl.com/dzn9s8) or (2) Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research (“Ranking Tables of NIH Funding to US Medical Schools in 2016”; 2016. https://tinyurl.com/y74oomth). Because many schools were on both lists, the search resulted in 12 unique schools.

^bPolicies apply to vaginal delivery, with specification for cesarean delivery in constraints, clarifications, and related provisions. Only 100% paid leave is included. Leave does not include vacation time, sick leave, or short-term disability for those with disability extending beyond sick leave.

^cVacation time is listed when institutional policies specifically state that vacation may be used in this setting; unused vacation time may be available for this purpose at other institutions, but vacation time is not listed when policies on childbearing or family leave do not state this (as it is unclear how much time off may be taken in one stretch or whether the resident can expect unused vacation time to be scheduled at the time of birth).

^dAffiliated with both Columbia and Cornell medical schools; included in this study because of its Columbia affiliation.

^eBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts Hospital are separate Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education “sponsoring institutions” but have many integrated GME programs and share GME policies determined by a common governing body.

^fAt the time of submission, this policy was under revision. The policy was changed in September 2018 to include 8 weeks of paid parental leave for nonchildbearing (as well as childbearing) parents. To ensure consistency in the July 2018 end of the evaluation across institutions, that change has not been included.

^gThis policy is under revision.