Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics by Depth of Sedation During Surgery.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 200) | Lighter (n = 100) | Heavier (n = 100) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 81.8 (7.7) | 81.6 (8.2) | 82.0 (7.2) |
| Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), mean (SD) | 25.0 (5.3) | 25.2 (5.2) | 24.8 (5.4) |
| Female | 146 (73.0) | 72 (72.0) | 74 (74.0) |
| White race/ethnicity | 194 (97.0) | 97 (97.0) | 97 (97.0) |
| Education level | |||
| Less than high school | 76 (38.0) | 37 (37.0) | 39 (39.0) |
| High school | 76 (38.0) | 37 (37.0) | 39 (39.0) |
| Some college | 28 (14.0) | 16 (16.0) | 12 (12.0) |
| College graduate or higher | 20 (10.0) | 10 (10.0) | 10 (10.0) |
| Employment | |||
| Retired/disabled | 162 (81.0) | 83 (83.0) | 79 (79.0) |
| Working full-time/part-time | 7 (3.5) | 3 (3.0) | 4 (2.0) |
| Homemaker | 31 (15.5) | 14 (14.0) | 17 (17.0) |
| Residence | |||
| Own home/family home | 172 (86.0) | 82 (82.0) | 90 (90.0) |
| Assisted living/nursing home | 7 (3.5) | 6 (6.0) | 1 (1.0) |
| Other | 21 (10.5) | 12 (12.0) | 9 (9.0) |
| Reside with | |||
| Alone | 85 (42.5) | 44 (44.0) | 41 (41.0) |
| Spouse/partner | 47 (28.0) | 21 (27.0) | 26 (29.0) |
| Family member (nonspouse) | 52 (30.5) | 23 (29.0) | 29 (32.0) |
| Nonfamily member | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (1.0) |
| Other | 15 (3.0) | 12 (6.0) | 3 (0.0) |
| Status prior to surgery | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index score, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.8) |
| American Society of Anesthesiologist rating ≥3 | 139 (69.5) | 63 (63.0) | 76 (76.0) |
| PSMS, mean (SD) | 4.61 (1.52) | 4.66 (1.48) | 4.56 (1.57) |
| IADL scale, mean (SD) | 5.85 (2.22) | 5.84 (2.17) | 5.86 (2.28) |
| Alcohol, CAGE score ≥2 | 27 (13.5) | 7 (7.0) | 20 (20.0) |
| Current cigarette smoker | 31 (15.5) | 18 (18.0) | 13 (13.0) |
| Baseline cognitive testing | |||
| Mini-Mental State Examination score, mean (SD) | 24.3 (3.7) | 24.4 (3.8) | 24.2 (3.6) |
| Geriatric Depression score, mean (SD) | 3.83 (3.48) | 3.86 (3.71) | 3.80 (3.25) |
| Clinical Dementia Rating score (n = 198/99/99) | |||
| 0 | 82 (41.4) | 46 (46.5) | 36 (36.4) |
| 0.5 | 94 (47.5) | 43 (43.4) | 51 (51.5) |
| 1 | 16 (8.1) | 7 (7.1) | 9 (9.1) |
| 2 | 6 (3.0) | 3 (3.0) | 3 (3.0) |
| Subsyndromal delirium | 13 (6.5) | 4 (4.0) | 9 (9.0) |
| Surgery characteristics | |||
| Emergency department to surgery, mean (SD), d | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.2 (0.6) |
| Type of fracture | |||
| Femoral neck | 89 (44.5) | 42 (42.0) | 47 (47.0) |
| Inter/subtrochanteric | 111 (55.5) | 58 (58.0) | 53 (53.0) |
| Type of procedure | |||
| Hemiarthroplasty with/without cement | 69 (34.5) | 31 (31.0) | 38 (38.0) |
| Total hip arthroplasty with/without cement | 11 (5.5) | 5 (5.0) | 6 (6.0) |
| Cannulated screw | 9 (4.5) | 7 (7.0) | 2 (2.0) |
| Intramedullary nail | 110 (55.0) | 57 (57.0) | 53 (53.0) |
| Girdlestone | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Abbreviations: CAGE, cut annoyed guilty eye; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; PSMS, physical self-maintenance scale.