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. 2018 Oct 11;144(12):1116–1124. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1919

Figure 2. Patients With Enteral Tubes Exposed to PPI and Time to First Admission.

Figure 2.

Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by PPI use (A), tube feeds (B), and their combined effects (C), after applying inverse probability of treatment weights. There was a shorter time from oropharyngeal dysphagia diagnosis to first hospital admission for patients exposed to PPI vs those not exposed with propensity weights (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 0.92-1.68) as well as for those who were tube fed vs those not (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.33-2.65). With reference to patients not exposed to PPI nor tube fed, the interaction of these effects was greatest for those exposed to PPI and tube fed (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.24-4.31), followed by those not exposed to PPI but tube fed (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.36) and finally, those exposed to PPI and not tube fed (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-1.95). All proportional hazards models included time-varying covariates for PPI use and tube feeds, with Bonferroni adjustment for 95% CIs involving interaction effects.