Table 3. Association of PPI Use With Number of Hospital Admissions and Hospital Admission Nights, Based on Negative Binomial Regressiona.
| Variable | PPI Use | IRR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 149) | No (n = 144) | ||
| Hospital Admissions | |||
| Total admissions | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.18 (0.89-1.55) | 0.62 (0.45-0.86) | 1.89 (1.24-2.89) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 0.99 (0.76-1.29) | 0.64 (0.47-0.87) | 1.54 (1.03-2.31) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + Comorbidities | 0.96 (0.73-1.25) | 0.61 (0.45-0.84) | 1.56 (1.04-2.35) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 1.10 (0.84-1.44) | 0.62 (0.45-0.86) | 1.77 (1.16-2.68) |
| Pulmonary admissions | |||
| Unadjusted | 0.38 (0.23-0.65) | 0.17 (0.09-0.31) | 2.31 (1.02-5.20) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 0.33 (0.20-0.55) | 0.17 (0.09-0.32) | 1.90 (0.85-4.23) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + Comorbidities | 0.32 (0.19-0.53) | 0.18 (0.09-0.33) | 1.81 (0.80-4.07) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 0.36 (0.22-0.59) | 0.17 (0.09-0.31) | 2.13 (0.97-4.70) |
| Gastrointestinal admissions | |||
| Unadjusted | 0.26 (0.15-0.47) | 0.12 (0.06-0.25) | 2.24 (0.87-5.72) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 0.09 (0.04-0.19) | 0.06 (0.03-0.14) | 1.49 (0.63-3.50) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + Comorbidities | 0.09 (0.04-0.19) | 0.06 (0.02-0.14) | 1.50 (0.62-3.65) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 0.23 (0.14-0.40) | 0.11 (0.06-0.23) | 2.07 (0.85-5.02) |
| Hospital Admission Nights | |||
| Total inpatient nights | |||
| Unadjusted | 6.16 (4.02-9.44) | 2.49 (1.55-4.01) | 2.47 (1.31-4.68) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 2.88 (1.98-4.19) | 2.02 (1.35-3.02) | 1.43 (0.82-2.49) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + comorbidities | 2.62 (1.80-3.80) | 1.59 (1.06-2.40) | 1.64 (0.93-2.89) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 5.48 (3.64-8.27) | 2.19 (1.39-3.44) | 2.51 (1.36-4.62) |
| Pulmonary inpatient nights | |||
| Unadjusted | 3.36 (1.48-7.61) | 0.69 (0.28-1.72) | 4.85 (1.43-16.49) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 1.13 (0.49-2.59) | 0.94 (0.38-2.30) | 1.21 (0.33-4.47) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + Comorbidities | 0.93 (0.44-1.97) | 0.57 (0.24-1.35) | 1.64 (0.49-5.45) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 3.10 (1.41-6.79) | 0.63 (0.27-1.49) | 4.92 (1.53-15.80) |
| Gastrointestinal inpatient nights | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.16 (0.45-2.96) | 1.18 (0.43-3.24) | 0.98 (0.25-3.92) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status | 0.65 (0.29-1.43) | 0.14 (0.05-0.41) | 4.76 (1.09-20.72) |
| Adjusted for enteral tube status + Comorbidities | 0.40 (0.18-0.91) | 0.07 (0.02-0.24) | 5.89 (1.37-25.38) |
| Adjusted for propensity weights | 0.88 (0.36-2.12) | 1.00 (0.39-2.61) | 0.87 (0.24-3.22) |
Abbreviations: IRR, incident rate ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
a
Patients treated with PPI had more hospitalizations and more hospital admission nights, even after adjustment for comorbidities. All models based on negative binomial regression with adjusted model controlling for the presence of neurologic, cardiac, and metabolic comorbidities. Inverse probability of treatment propensity weights adjusted for all comorbidities and presenting symptoms shown in Table 2.