Table 2.

Peri‐operative data and clinical outcome ()

Variable	MMIA Group	TOPA Group	t value	P value
Operative time (min)	163 ± 38	151 ± 31	0.730	0.468
Intra‐operative blood loss (ml)	394.6 ± 226.3	776.3 ± 512.7	−0.385	<0.001
VAS scores
Pre‐operation	8.1 ± 0.8	7.8 ± 1.3	0.991	0.326
Post‐operation	1.1 ± 0.4	3.1 ± 0.8	−10.862	<0.001
Oswestry disability index (%)
Pre‐operation	88.6 ± 13.7	83.5 ± 10.1	0.871	0.388
Post‐operation	6.9 ± 2.1	24.3 ± 5.7	−7.358	<0.001