Table 2.

Type of graft material used and related outcomes (mean ± SD)

Graft material	Number of levels	Fusion (%)	VAS change	ODI change
LOCAL	156	97.07 ± 1.94	4.31 ± 4.61	27.94 ± 1.02
rhBMP‐2	209	92.54 ± 9.78	5.70 ± 0.00	39.00 ± 0.00
ALLO	293	88.32 ± 8.41	5.31 ± 1.73	36.60 ± 0.95
AUTO	404	91.16 ± 9.28	4.96 ± 0.00	22.75 ± 0.60