Table 2. Sample Characteristics by Outcome Classification.
| Characteristic | Children, No. (%) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 160) | Month 12 VABS-IIa | |||
| Favorable (n = 114) | Unfavorable (n = 46) | |||
| Age at assessment, median (IQR), y | ||||
| Overall | 2.5 (1.3-6.1) | 2.8 (1.3-8.6) | 2.0 (1.3-4.3) | .24b |
| By assessment group, y | ||||
| <6 (Mullen) | 1.6 (1.2-3.1) | 1.6 (1.2-2.8) | 1.8 (1.2-3.4) | .52b |
| ≥6 (WASI and neuropsychological battery) | 14.3 (10.3-16.4) |
13.9 (9.7-16.4) |
15.5 (12.7-17.8) |
.22b |
| Male | 96 (60) | 67 (59) | 29 (63) | .72c |
| Caregiver’s highest education received | ||||
| Some high school or less | 27 (17) | 21 (18) | 6 (13) | .10c |
| High school graduate or GED | 44 (28) | 24 (21) | 20 (43) | |
| Vocational school or some college | 39 (24) | 31 (27) | 8 (17) | |
| College degree | 31 (19) | 23 (20) | 8 (17) | |
| Graduate or doctoral degree | 19 (12) | 15 (13) | 4 (9) | |
| FAD score, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.45) | 1.5 (0.41) | 1.4 (0.55) | .60d |
| Pre-CA PCPC | ||||
| Normal = 1 | 119 (74) | 89 (78) | 30 (65) | .10b |
| Mild disability = 2 | 26 (16) | 16 (14) | 10 (22) | |
| Moderate disability = 3 | 14 (9) | 8 (7) | 6 (13) | |
| Severe disability = 4 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Pre-CA POPC | ||||
| Good = 1 | 94 (59) | 73 (64) | 21 (46) | .03b |
| Mild disability = 2 | 45 (28) | 29 (25) | 16 (35) | |
| Moderate disability = 3 | 18 (11) | 10 (9) | 8 (17) | |
| Severe disability = 4 | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Pre-CA VABS-II adaptive behavior composite score, mean (SD) | ||||
| Overall | 97.4 (16.03) | 98.9 (15.57) | 93.7 (16.74) | .08d |
| By assessment group, y | ||||
| <6 (Mullen) | 95.2 (14.21) | 96.4 (13.64) | 92.8 (15.16) | .21d |
| ≥6 (WASI and neuropsychological battery) | 103.9 (19.18) | 104.5 (18.19) | 100.2 (25.94) | .71d |
| Primary etiology of CA arrest | ||||
| Cardiac | 66 (41) | 52 (46) | 14 (30) | .16c |
| Respiratory | 69 (43) | 44 (39) | 25 (54) | |
| Other or unknown | 25 (16) | 18 (16) | 7 (15) | |
| Total No. of doses of epinephrine administered by EMS and at hospital, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0-4.0) | 2.0 (1.0-4.0) | 3.0 (2.0-7.0) | .09b |
| Estimated duration of chest compressions, min | ||||
| Unable to determine | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | .07c |
| ≤15 | 68 (43) | 55 (48) | 13 (28) | |
| >15 to ≤30 | 40 (25) | 26 (23) | 14 (30) | |
| >30 | 50 (31) | 32 (28) | 18 (39) | |
| Treatment assigned | ||||
| Hypothermia | 92 (58) | 64 (56) | 28 (61) | .60c |
| Normothermia | 68 (43) | 50 (44) | 18 (39) | |
| Post-CA length of stay, median (IQR), d | 29.0 (16.0-60.0) |
25.0 (14.0-50.0) |
43.0 (27.0-78.0) |
<.001b |
| PCPC at hospital discharge | ||||
| Normal = 1 | 58 (36) | 53 (46) | 5 (11) | <.001c |
| Mild disability = 2 | 38 (24) | 30 (26) | 8 (17) | |
| Moderate disability = 3 | 29 (18) | 17 (15) | 12 (26) | |
| Severe disability = 4 | 24 (15) | 13 (11) | 11 (24) | |
| Coma or vegetative state = 5 | 10 (6) | 1 (1) | 9 (20) | |
| Missing | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| THAPCA trial study | ||||
| In-hospital | 99 (62) | 75 (66) | 24 (52) | .15c |
| Out-of-hospital | 61 (38) | 39 (34) | 22 (48) | |
Abbreviations: CA, cardiac arrest; EMS, emergency medical services; FAD, Family Assessment Device; GED, general equivalency diploma; IQR, interquartile range; Mullen, Mullen Scales of Early Learning; PCPC, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category; POPC, Pediatric Overall Performance Category; THAPCA, Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest; VABS-II, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.
a
Favorable outcomes classified as VABS-II Composite score of 70 or higher; unfavorable outcomes classified as VABS-II Composite score of lower than 70.
b
Based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
c
Based on the Fisher exact test.
d
Based on the 2-sided t test with unpooled variance.