Table 2. Trends in Prevalence of Use of Any Prescription Medication and 2 or More Prescription Medications in Prior 30 Days, by Sex, Age Group, and Race or Hispanic Origin: Children and Adolescents Aged 0 to 19 Years, United States, 1999-2014a.
| 1999-2002 (n = 10 706) |
2003-2006 (n = 10 441) |
2007-2010 (n = 8530) |
2011-2014 (n = 8600) |
β (95% CI)b | P Value for Trendb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted No. | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Unweighted No. | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Unweighted No. | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Unweighted No. | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | |||
| Use of Any Prescription Medication | ||||||||||
| Overall | 2203 | 24.6 (22.6 to 26.6) | 2188 | 24.8 (22.8 to 26.9) | 1836 | 24.6 (23.0 to 26.3) | 1651 | 21.9 (20.3 to 23.6) | −0.41 (−0.79 to −0.03) | .04 |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 0-23 mo | 406 | 25.5 (21.8 to 29.6) | 370 | 24.0 (20.7 to 27.5) | 338 | 24.1 (20.6 to 27.8) | 229 | 17.4 (14.9 to 20.1) | −1.14 (−1.79 to −0.49) | <.001 |
| 2-5 y | 332 | 19.5 (16.3 to 23.1) | 373 | 21.1 (17.1 to 25.7) | 377 | 20.0 (17.7 to 22.4) | 309 | 16.5 (13.7 to 19.7) | −0.52 (−1.17 to 0.14) | .12 |
| 6-11 y | 433 | 22.0 (18.5 to 25.9) | 427 | 23.0 (19.5 to 26.8) | 548 | 24.3 (21.2 to 27.7) | 532 | 21.5 (19.2 to 24.0) | 0.09 (−0.64 to 0.82) | .81 |
| 12-19 y | 1032 | 28.8 (26.5 to 31.1) | 1018 | 28.0 (25.3 to 30.9) | 573 | 27.3 (24.2 to 30.6) | 581 | 25.9 (22.6 to 29.4) | −0.58 (−1.16 to 0.00) | .05 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Boys | 1143 | 25.7 (23.1 to 28.4) | 1078 | 24.5 (21.8 to 27.5) | 965 | 23.8 (21.9 to 25.8) | 859 | 20.6 (18.5 to 22.9) | −0.69 (−1.18 to −0.21) | .006 |
| Girls | 1060 | 23.4 (21.5 to 25.5) | 1110 | 25.1 (23.2 to 27.0) | 871 | 25.5 (22.6 to 28.5) | 792 | 23.3 (20.7 to 25.9) | −0.12 (−0.60 to 0.36) | .63 |
| Race and Hispanic originc | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 831 | 28.3 (25.4 to 31.4) | 812 | 28.6 (25.8 to 31.5) | 759 | 29.1 (26.8 to 31.5) | 505 | 25.3 (22.6 to 28.2) | −0.41 (−1.02 to 0.21) | .20 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 537 | 18.1 (16.2 to 20.1) | 621 | 19.4 (17.1 to 21.8) | 385 | 21.1 (19.0 to 23.4) | 474 | 21.1 (18.6 to 23.7) | 0.52 (0.06 to 0.98) | .03 |
| Mexican American | 586 | 15.6 (14.1 to 17.1) | 550 | 16.5 (14.7 to 18.4) | 395 | 16.6 (14.1 to 19.3) | 266 | 15.9 (12.9 to 19.2) | −0.07 (−0.59 to 0.45) | .79 |
| Use of ≥2 Prescription Medications | ||||||||||
| Overall | 796 | 9.3 (7.9 to 10.9) | 847 | 9.9 (8.9 to 10.9) | 700 | 9.3 (8.3 to 10.5) | 638 | 8.5 (7.6 to 9.4) | −0.17 (−0.40 to 0.06) | .15 |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 0-23 mo | 132 | 8.3 (6.5 to 10.3) | 128 | 8.3 (6.6 to 10.3) | 101 | 6.5 (4.5 to 9.0) | 62 | 4.7 (3.6 to 6.0) | −0.58 (−0.88 to −0.27) | <.001 |
| 2-5 y | 110 | 7.0 (5.2 to 9.3) | 139 | 7.1 (5.5 to 9.0) | 134 | 6.9 (5.6 to 8.5) | 96 | 4.9 (3.4 to 6.8) | −0.35 (−0.71 to 0.01) | .06 |
| 6-11 y | 167 | 7.4 (5.6 to 9.7) | 177 | 9.6 (7.7 to 11.8) | 223 | 9.3 (7.3 to 11.6) | 238 | 8.6 (7.3 to 10.2) | 0.21 (−0.16 to 0.58) | .26 |
| 12-19 y | 387 | 12.2 (10.6 to 14.0) | 403 | 11.8 (10.4 to 13.3) | 242 | 11.3 (9.6 to 13.2) | 242 | 10.9 (9.1 to 12.8) | −0.28 (−0.63 to 0.06) | .11 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Boys | 403 | 9.4 (7.3 to 11.8) | 436 | 9.8 (8.4 to 11.3) | 385 | 9.4 (7.8 to 11.3) | 361 | 8.7 (7.5 to 10.1) | −0.04 (−0.38 to 0.30) | .81 |
| Girls | 393 | 9.3 (7.9 to 10.8) | 411 | 10.0 (9.0 to 11.1) | 315 | 9.3 (7.9 to 10.8) | 277 | 8.1 (6.9 to 9.5) | −0.30 (−0.57 to −0.04) | .03 |
| Race and Hispanic originc | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 318 | 11.1 (9.1 to 13.3) | 320 | 11.5 (10.2 to 12.9) | 274 | 10.7 (9.2 to 12.4) | 189 | 9.5 (8.1 to 11.0) | −0.28 (−0.62 to 0.07) | .12 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 181 | 6.4 (4.9 to 8.3) | 250 | 8.0 (6.7 to 9.3) | 154 | 8.5 (6.9 to 10.4) | 202 | 9.2 (7.6 to 11.0) | 0.44 (0.12 to 0.76) | .009 |
| Mexican American | 199 | 5.0 (4.3 to 5.8) | 199 | 6.1 (4.9 to 7.5) | 155 | 6.7 (5.3 to 8.3) | 104 | 6.6 (4.9 to 8.5) | 0.22 (−0.06 to 0.50) | .13 |
a
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2014. Prevalence estimates are weighted to account for differential probabilities of selection and survey nonresponse.
b
The estimate (β), 95% CI, and P value were calculated using linear regression models that included the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2-y cycle as a continuous variable. The estimate (β) can be interpreted as the average percentage point change in prevalence every 2 y.
c
Categories “other Hispanic” and “other” not shown.