Table. Characteristics of Survey Participants.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. | With Cost-Related Insulin Underuse, No. (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | 199 | 51 (25.5) | |
| Age, y | |||
| 18-44 | 63 | 20 (31.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| 44-64 | 84 | 20 (23.8) | 1.14 (0.40-3.35) |
| ≥64 | 52 | 11 (21.2) | 0.90 (0.25-3.28) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 101 | 28 (27.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 98 | 23 (23.5) | 1.14 (0.49-2.66) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 121 | 26 (21.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| Latino/Hispanic/Latin American | 14 | 4 (28.6) | 1.00 (0.17-4.86) |
| Black/African American | 49 | 16 (32.7) | 1.71 (0.58-5.05) |
| Other/did not report | 15 | 4 (33.3) | 1.66 (0.38-6.83) |
| Diabetes | |||
| Type 1 | 83 | 22 (26.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| Type 2 | 115 | 29 (25.2) | 0.91 (0.33-2.55) |
| Did not report | 1 | ||
| Type of insulin used | |||
| Analog | 181 | 44 (24.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| Human | 12 | 4 (33.3) | 3.17 (0.68-13.36) |
| Both | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 2.79 (0.30-37.85) |
| Prescription drug coverage | |||
| Medicare Part D | 40 | 7 (17.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| Employer-sponsored | 66 | 21 (31.8) | 1.03 (0.29-3.95) |
| Medicaid with/without Medicare | 85 | 19 (22.4) | 3.05 (0.80-13.01) |
| None/other/unknown | 8 | 4 (50) | 2.19 (0.24-19.37) |
| Annual Income, $ | |||
| 100 000 and greater | 24 | 1 (4.2) | 1 [Reference] |
| 50 000-99 999 | 26 | 10 (38.5) | 12.51 (1.83-255.85) |
| 25 000-49 999 | 37 | 14 (37.8) | 11.50 (1.62-239.06) |
| 10 000-24 999 | 53 | 13 (24.5) | 9.79 (1.15-220.25) |
| <10 000 | 36 | 7 (19.4) | 6.42 (0.65-154.07) |
| Did not reporta | 23 | ||
| Difficulty buying diabetes medical equipment | |||
| No | 144 | 21 (14.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 55 | 30 (56) | 5.89 (2.52-14.50) |
a
Missing Income values were excluded from multivariable analysis.