Table 3. Estimates of Across-Physician Variation, With and Without Chronic Condition Adjustment.
| Modela | SD (95% CI) | 90th:10th Percentile Ratio (95% CI) | 10th Percentile (95% CI) | 90th Percentile (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | ||||
| Adjusted for beneficiary characteristics and region | 8.8 (8.7-8.9) | 2.03 (2.01-2.06) | 21.8 (21.6-22.0) | 44.3 (44.2-44.5) |
| Adjusted for beneficiary characteristics, region, and organization | 6.1 (6.0-6.2) | 1.61 (1.60-1.63) | 25.3 (25.2-25.4) | 40.8 (40.7-41.0) |
| Without adjustment for chronic conditions | ||||
| Adjusted for beneficiary characteristics and region | 9.3 (9.2-9.5) | 2.13 (2.10-2.16) | 21.1 (21.0-21.3) | 45.0 (44.8-45.2) |
| Adjusted for beneficiary characteristics, region, and organization | 6.4 (6.3-6.5) | 1.66 (1.65-1.67) | 24.9 (24.7-25.0) | 41.3 (41.1-41.4) |
Units of SD, 10th percentile, and 90th percentile are presented as number of low-value services per 100 beneficiaries per year. All models contain adjustments for beneficiary sociodemographic characteristics, local area economic and educational characteristics, year, and hospital referral region. Estimates are presented for models with and without adjustments for the following 27 conditions: acute myocardial infarction, Alzheimer disease, Alzheimer disease and related disorders or senile dementia, anemia, asthma, atrial fibrillation, benign prostatic hyperplasia, breast cancer, cataracts, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colorectal cancer, depression, diabetes, endometrial cancer, heart failure, hip or pelvic fracture, glaucoma, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypothyroidism, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, osteoporosis, prostate cancer, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, and stroke or transient ischemic attack.