Table 1. Sample Characteristics Before and After Propensity Score Matching, by Participation Status in SNAP.
| Characteristic | Percentagea | P Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SNAP | No SNAP | ||
| Before Propensity Score Matching (n = 1385) | |||
| Older adults, No. (%) | 503 (36.3) | 882 (63.7) | NA |
| Age, y | |||
| 65-69 | 34.9 | 26.5 | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 29.1 | 23.8 | .04 |
| >75 | 36.0 | 49.6 | <.001 |
| Male sex | 26.7 | 37.2 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 46.7 | 59.7 | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 18.6 | 13.5 | .01 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 34.7 | 26.8 | .002 |
| US citizen | 96.1 | 97.4 | .16 |
| Single or living alone | 90.5 | 78.6 | <.001 |
| Educational level, bachelor’s degree or higher | 10.1 | 10.1 | .99 |
| Residing in the South | 44.0 | 42.8 | .68 |
| Employed | 2.7 | 4.6 | .08 |
| Natural logarithm of per capita income, mean (SD) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.3 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Fair or poor health status | 56.2 | 46.2 | <.001 |
| Any functional limitation | 90.3 | 84.6 | .003 |
| Any prescription drug coverage | 87.2 | 79.3 | <.001 |
| ≥$500 in out-of-pocket medical costs | 27.3 | 51.1 | <.001 |
| After Propensity Score Matching (n = 1302) | |||
| Older adults, No. (%) | 480 (36.9) | 822 (63.1) | NA |
| Age, y | |||
| 65-69 | 34.5 | 34.5 | .97 |
| 70-74 | 29.4 | 30.0 | .81 |
| >75 | 36.0 | 35.4 | .85 |
| Male sex | 26.7 | 26.6 | .99 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 46.9 | 45.7 | .71 |
| Hispanic | 18.8 | 18.9 | .93 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 34.4 | 35.3 | .75 |
| US citizen | 96.3 | 96.3 | .94 |
| Single or living alone | 90.4 | 90.7 | .87 |
| Educational level, bachelor’s degree or higher | 10.2 | 10.7 | .82 |
| Residing in the South | 43.8 | 42.3 | .65 |
| Employed | 2.7 | 3.1 | .70 |
| Natural logarithm of per capita income, mean (SD) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | .82 |
| Fair or poor health status | 55.8 | 54.2 | .62 |
| Any functional limitation | 90.2 | 89.9 | .85 |
| Any prescription drug coverage | 87.3 | 86.2 | .62 |
| ≥$500 in out-of-pocket medical costs | 27.5 | 27.4 | .98 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
a
Sample weight not shown.
b
P values are from t tests for equality of means before and after matching, generated during the first stage of the propensity score–matching process. Before matching, t tests are based on an unweighted regression of each variable on the SNAP indicator. After matching, the regression is weighted using the weight generated from the matching process. Because of weighting and potential differences in the sample sizes for each regression, the proportions shown may not always match a simple ratio of the subgroup sample size and total sample size.