Table 3. Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis for Associations Between Severity of DR and Risk of Falls in Participants With Diabetes.
| Variable | No. of Participants | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Valuec | P Value for Trend | OR (95% CI) | P Valuec | P Value for Trend | ||
| No DR | 2012 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Minimal DR | 310 | 0.83 (0.59-1.17) | .29 | .002 | 0.93 (0.62-1.39) | .73 | .03 |
| Mild DR | 206 | 1.85 (1.32-2.59) | <.001 | 1.81 (1.23-2.67) | .003 | ||
| Moderate DR | 125 | 1.91 (1.26-2.90) | .002 | 1.89 (1.16-3.07) | .01 | ||
| VTDRd | 216 | 1.25 (0.87-1.78) | .22 | 1.14 (0.73-1.78) | .55 | ||
Abbreviations: DR, diabetic retinopathy; OR, odds ratio; VTDR, vision-threatening DR.
a
Model 1 includes age and sex.
b
Model 2 includes age, sex, systolic blood pressure, presenting visual acuity in the better-seeing eye, ethnicity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes duration, insulin use, polypharmacy, and presence of eye disease, which includes glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and undercorrected refractive error.
c
P < .05 is considered statistically significant.
d
Includes severe nonproliferative DR, proliferative DR, or clinically significant macular edema.