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Combined thoracic‐abdominal approach. (A) The site of incision for removal of the 10th rib, suitable for treating spinal tuberculosis in T12–L1. (B) Via the above incision, the thoracic spine can be exposed via a transthoracic or extrapleural approach; below it, the lumbar spine can be exposed via an extraperitoneal approach; in the middle, the diaphragm can be cut open to connect the thoracic and lumbar segments.
