Table 2. Unadjusted and Adjusted Outcomes for Intervention and Follow-up Periods.
| Characteristic | Control | Intervention | Unadjusted Difference (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted Difference (95% CI)a | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incentive Period (mo 1-3) | ||||||
| Proportion of participant-days achieving glucose monitoring goals, mean (SD) | 18.9 (23.7) |
50.0 (30.4) | 31.1 (19.68 to 42.54) | <.001 | 27.2 (9.5 to 45.0) | .003 |
| HbA1c change from baseline, mean (95% CI)b | −0.24 (−0.66 to 0.17) |
−0.56 (−0.97 to −0.14) | −0.31 (−0.91 to 0.28) | .30 | −0.08 (−0.69 to 0.54) | .80 |
| Follow-up Period (mo 4-6) | ||||||
| Proportion of participant-days achieving glucose monitoring goals, mean (SD) | 8.7 (16.4) |
15.3 (19.3) | 6.6 (−0.88 to 14.11) | .08 | 3.9 (−2.0 to 9.9) | .20 |
| HbA1c change from baseline, mean (95% CI)b | −0.17 (−0.51 to 0.17) |
−0.43 (−0.89 to 0.03) | −0.26 (−0.82 to 0.30) | .37 | 0.03 (−0.55 to 0.60) | .93 |
Abbreviation: HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
a
Adjusted difference uses data from the multivariable model with the following covariates: baseline HbA1c, insulin regimen, sex, age, race/ethnicity, living situation, insurance coverage, household income, and calendar month fixed effects; HbA1c interval from study start to 3 or 6 months was included for HbA1c only.
b
HbA1c change uses imputed data.