Table 1. Tumor Features of Small Choroidal Melanoma Cases Managed With Plaque Radiotherapy (N = 1780).
| Characteristic | Patients Without Metastasis (n = 1689) | Patients With Metastasis (n = 91) | P Value | Total (N = 1780) | Relative Risk (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor epicenter | ||||||
| Iris | 0 | 0 | >.99a | 0 | ||
| Ciliary body | 29 (1.7) | 1 (1) | 30 (1.7) | 1 [Reference] | .48 | |
| Choroid | 1660 (98.3) | 90 (99) | 1750 (98.3) | 2.03 (0.28-14.6) | ||
| Tumor quadrant | ||||||
| Macula | 518 (30.7) | 23 (2) | .35 | 541 (30.4) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Inferior | 261 (15.5) | 21 (23) | 282 (15.8) | 1.80 (1.00-3.25) | .05 | |
| Temporal | 308 (18.2) | 14 (15) | 322 (18.1) | 1.08 (0.56-2.10) | .82 | |
| Superior | 389 (23.0) | 22 (24) | 411 (23.1) | 1.29 (0.72-2.32) | .39 | |
| Nasal | 213 (12.6) | 11 (12) | 224 (12.6) | 1.08 (0.52-2.21) | .84 | |
| Anterior tumor margin | ||||||
| Macula | 193 (11.4) | 7 (8) | .28 | 200 (11.2) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Macula to equator | 1041 (61.6) | 54 (59) | 1095 (61.5) | 1.38 (0.63-3.04) | .42 | |
| Equator to ora | 381 (22.6) | 28 (31) | 409 (23.0) | 1.95 (0.85-4.46) | .12 | |
| Ciliary body | 54 (3.2) | 2 (2) | 56 (3.1) | 0.96 (0.20-4.63) | .96 | |
| Iris | 20 (1).2 | 0 | 20 (1.1) | NE | .98 | |
| Posterior tumor margin | ||||||
| Macula | 952 (56.4) | 47 (52) | .59 | 999 (56.1) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Macula to equator | 679 (40.2) | 41 (45) | 720 (40.4) | 1.22 (0.80 -1.86) | .35 | |
| Equator to ora | 42 (2.5) | 3 (3) | 45 (2.5) | 1.11 (0.34-3.56) | .87 | |
| Ciliary body | 16 (0.9) | 0 | 16 (0.9) | NE | .98 | |
| Iris | 0 | 0 | 0 | NE | NA | |
| Tumor largest basal diameter, mm | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.7 (2.9) | 10.0 (3.4) | <.001b | 8.8 (2.9) | 1.16c (1.09-1.24) | <.001 |
| Median (range) | 8 (2-20) | 10 (3-20) | 8 (2-20) | |||
| Tumor thickness, mm | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | .002b | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.41c (1.50-3.85) | <.001 |
| Median (range) | 2.7 (0.2-3.4) | 3.0 (0.5-3.4) | 2.7 (0.2-3.4) | |||
| Distance to foveola, mm | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.4 (3.9) | 3.7 (3.6) | .42b | 3.4 (3.9) | 1.01c (0.96-1.06) | .72 |
| Median (range) | 2 (0-21) | 3 (0-14) | 2 (0-21) | |||
| 0-3 | 1074 (63.6) | 51 (56) | .15 | 1125 (63.2) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| >3 | 615 (36.4) | 40 (44) | 655 (36.8) | 1.23 (0.81-1.86) | .33 | |
| Distance to optic nerve, mm | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.7 (3.7) | 3.4 (3.2) | .46b | 3.7 (3.7) | 1.03d (0.97-1.09) | .41 |
| Median (range) | 3 (0-21) | 3 (0-12) | 3 (0-21) | |||
| 0-3 | 964 (57.1) | 49 (54) | .55 | 1013 (56.9) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| >3 | 725 (42.9) | 42 (46) | 767 (43.1) | 1.08 (0.72-1.63) | .72 | |
| Retinal detachment | ||||||
| None | 334 (19.8) | 10 (11) | <.001 | 344 (19.3) | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| <3 mm | 912 (54.0) | 45 (50) | 957 (53.8) | 1.69 (0.85-3.36) | .13 | |
| 1 quadrant | 362 (21.4) | 23 (25) | 385 (21.6) | 2.55 (1.21-5.36) | .01 | |
| 2 quadrants | 70 (4.1) | 9 (10) | 79 (4.4) | 3.88 (1.58-9.56) | .003 | |
| 3 quadrants | 10 (0.6) | 4 (4) | 14 (0.8) | 9.70 (3.03-31.1) | <.001 | |
| 4 quadrants | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | NE | .99 | |
| Other clinical features | ||||||
| Diffuse | 194 (11.5) | 18 (20) | .03a | 212 (11.9) | 1.83 (1.09-3.07) | .02 |
| Bruch rupture | 40 (2.4) | 2 (2) | >.99a | 42 (2.4) | 1.08 (0.27-4.40) | .91 |
| Extraocular extension | 12 (0.7) | 0 | >.99a | 12 (0.7) | NE | .98 |
| Retinal invasion | 19 (1.1) | 3 (3) | .01a | 22 (1.2) | 2.47 (0.78-7.82) | .12 |
| Vitreous hemorrhage | 18 (1.1) | 1 (1) | >.99a | 19 (1.1) | 1.67 (0.23-12.0) | .61 |
| Orange pigment | 1042 (61.7) | 47 (52) | .06 | 1089 (61.2) | 0.85 (0.57-1.29) | .45 |
| Drusen | 375 (22.2) | 15 (17) | .24a | 390 (21.9) | 0.62 (0.36-1.08) | .09 |
| Halo | 96 (5.7) | 1 (1) | .06a | 97 (5.4) | 0.23 (0.03-1.65) | .14 |
| Subfoveal fluid | 524 (31.0) | 26 (29) | .73 | 550 (30.9) | 0.88 (0.56-1.38) | .57 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NE, not estimable.
a
By Fisher exact test.
b
By t test.
c
Per 1-mm increase.
d
Per 1-mm decrease.