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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Mar 18;32(5):796–807. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00013

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Chemical structures of reactive species responsible for NECMs and their resulting protein adducts. A vast array of non-enzymatic modifications have been shown to occur in vitro and in vivo. Histone proteins have been shown to experience a majority of described NECMs (red boxes), though others remain to be shown (gray).