Table 2.
Biomarkers by Race/Ethinicity and Poverty Status, Time 2 and 3, Median (Mean±SD)
| A. RACE/ETHNICITY |
African Americans (n=1,029)* |
Whites (n=429) |
Latinas (n=450) |
Significant Differences** (p<.05) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | |
| BMI | 29.5 (30.9±8.4) |
30.0 (30.9±8.8) |
26.0 (28.1±7.1) |
25.7 (27.6±7.3) |
28.0 (28.8±6.0) |
27.7 (28.6±6.3) |
AA>W,L | AA>W,L |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.86 (0.86±.09) |
0.85 (0.86±.09) |
0.86 (0.86±.07) |
0.86 (0.86±.08) |
0.89 (0.89±.07) |
0.90 (0.89±.07) |
L>AA,W | L>AA,W |
| Systolic BP | 113.0 (113.3±12.0) |
111.7 (112.7±12.5) |
108.7 (109.2±11.5) |
109.3 (109.3±10.7) |
106.3 (107.4±10.4) |
108.7 (109.5±10.9) |
AA>W,L | AA>W,L |
| Diastolic BP | 74.7 (75.7±10.4) |
75.0 (75.1±10.3) |
72.0 (72.7±9.0) |
71.7 (72.1±9.2) |
69.7 (70.1±8.3) |
69.0 (70.3±9.0) |
AA>W>L | AA>W,L |
| Pulse | 78.0 (78.5±10.3) |
78.7 (78.5±10.0) |
74.3 (74.2±10.9) |
74.7 (75.0±11.1) |
73.8 (74.6±9.8) |
74.7 (75.5±9.3) |
AA>W,L | AA>W,L |
| HS-CRP | 2.8 (4.2±3.9) |
2.8 (4.3±4.3) |
2.3 (3.7±3.6) |
2.1 (3.8±4.2) |
2.7 (4.0±3.5) |
2.8 (4.4±4.3) |
L>W | |
| Hemoglobin Ale | 5.3 (5.4±0.9) |
5.3 (5.5±1.1) |
5.0 (5.1±0.5) |
5.1 (5.1±0.7) |
5.4 (5.4±0.6) |
5.4 (5.4±0.7) |
AA,L>W | AA,L>W |
| HDLcholesterol | 40.0 (42.5±14.6) |
41.0 (43.3±14.4) |
43.0 (45.3±15.9) |
42.0 (43.6±14.3) |
38.0 (40.6±13.9) |
37.0 (40.1±13.6) |
W>A A, L | AA,W>L |
| Total-HDLratio | 4.2 (4.4±1.7) |
3.9 (4.1±1.5) |
4.3 (4.4±1.6) |
3.9 (4.2±1.5) |
4.3 (4.6±1.5) |
4.2 (4.5±1.7) |
L>AA,W | |
| Cortisol slope | −0.02 (−0.02±.03) n=465 |
−0.01 (0.02±.02) n=435 |
−0.03 (−0.03±.03) n=262 |
−0.03 (−0.03±.02) n=209 |
−0.02 (−0.02±.02) n=206 |
−0.03 (−0.03±.02) n=188 |
W,L>AA | W,L>AA |
| B. POVERTY STATUS |
Poor (n=816) |
Near Poor (n=529) |
Not Poor (n=563) |
Significant Differences (p<.05) | ||||
| Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 2 | Time 3 | |
| BMI | 29.0 (30.5±8.2) |
29.3 (30.5±8.4) |
28.9 (29.9±7.5) |
28.6 (29.7±7.9) |
27.0 (28.5±7.2) |
26.0 (28.2±7.4) |
Poor,Near>Not | Poor,Near>Not |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.88 (0.88±.09) |
0.87 (0.87±.08) |
0.87 (0.87±.07) |
0.88 (0.88±.08) |
0.86 (0.86±.08) |
0.85 (0.85±.08) |
Poor,Near>Not | Poor,Near>Not |
| Systolic BP | 111.7 (111.3±11.6) |
110.7 (111.2±12.2) |
110.0 (111.0±12.2) |
110.3 (111.2±12.0) |
109.8 (110.4±11.6) |
110.7 (111.1±11.4) |
||
| Diastolic BP | 73.7 (74.0±10.0) |
73.7 (73.9±10.1) |
71.7 (73.3±10.3) |
71.0 (72.3±10.0) |
73.0 (73.5±9.3) |
73.3 (73.3±9.7) |
Poor > Near | |
| Pulse | 78.0 (78.2±10.3) |
77.7 (77.9±9.8) |
76.7 (76.8±10.5) |
76.3 (77.2±10.1) |
73.7 (74.0±10.3) |
75.3 (75.6±10.7) |
Poor,Near>Not | Poor > Not |
| HS-CRP | 2.8 (4.2±3.6) |
2.9 (4.5±4.3) |
2.8 (4.0±3.6) |
2.9 (4.5±4.7) |
2.3 (3.8±4.0) |
2.1 (3.6±3.7) |
Poor,Near>Not | |
| Hemoglobin Ale | 5.3 (5.3±0.7) |
5.3 (5.4±0.9) |
5.3 (5.4±0.7) |
5.4 (5.4±0.8) |
5.2 (5.3±0.8) |
5.2 (5.3±1.0) |
Poor,Near>Not | |
| HDLcholesterol | 40.0 (41.4±14.1) |
39.0 (41.1±13.3) |
40.0 (42.1±14.3) |
41.0 (42.7±13.9) |
40.2 (45.2± 16.1) |
42.0 (44.6±15.6) |
Not>Poor,Near | Not > Poor |
| Total-HDLratio | 4.3 (4.5±1.6) |
4.0 (4.4±1.6) |
4.2 (4.5±1.5) |
3.9 (4.1±1.5) |
4.0 (4.4±1.7) |
3.9 (4.2±1.6) |
||
| Cortisol slope | −0.02 (−0.02±.03) n=368 |
−0.02 (−0.02±.02) n=336 |
−0.02 (−0.02±.03) n=261 |
−0.02 (−0.02±.02) n=231 |
−0.02 (−0.02±.02) n=304 |
−0.03 (−0.03±.02) n=265 |
Near,Not>Poor | |
*
N’s vary for specific biomarkers depending on the amount of missing data; see text for details. Sample sizes for most biomarkers were ~70% or more of the total race-specific n’s atthe top of the columns. The exception was cortisol slope, for which n’s are shown separately.
**
StatasticaI significance determine by one-way ANOVA with multiplecomparisons based on t-tests for all biomarkers except those with skewed distributions (HS-CRP, Hemoglobin Ale, and HDL cholesterol), for which significancewas determined by nonparmetric one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons based on Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.