Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Factors

	Offspring of bipolar Parents (n=481)		Offspring of Parents w/ Nonbipolar Psychopathology (n=162)		Offspring of Healthy Parents (n=175)		Test Statistics
Demographics	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Stat	p
Intake Age	15.4	2.6	15.5	2.4	15.5	2.2	K-W χ2=1.66	0.4
Hollingshead Socioeconomic Status	34.11	14.0	33.51	12.3	42.22	13.9	K-W χ2=48.49	<0.0001
Mother’s Age at Offspring’s Birth	27.21	5.9	28.31,2	6.2	29.22	5.3	F=8.31	0.0003
Father’s Age at Offspring’s Birth	30.1	7.2	30.4	7.7	31.2	6.8	F=1.56	0.2
Number of Offspring in Family	1.9	1.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	0.8	Poisson χ2=1.24	0.5
	N	%	N	%	N	%	χ2 Stat	p
Race (white)	390	81.1	119	73.5	135	77.1	4.54	0.1033
Sex (male)	243	50.5	79	48.8	84	48.0	0.39	0.8242
Living with Both Biological Parents	2331	48.4	921	56.8	1322	75.4	37.97	<0.0001
Offspring Diagnoses	N	%	N	%	N	%	χ2 Stat	p
Any Bipolar Spectrum Disorder	761	16.5	32	2.0	12	0.6	48.02	<0.0001
Any Non-Bipolar Axis-I Disorder	3191	69.2	872	56.9	543	32.1	70.10	<0.0001
Any Depression	1671	36.2	392	25.5	193	11.3	38.30	<0.0001
Any Anxiety	1741	37.7	402	26.1	233	13.7	35.29	<0.0001
ADHD	1531	33.2	371	24.2	222	13.1	25.98	<0.0001
Disruptive Behavior Disorder	1301	28.2	341	22.2	152	8.9	25.95	<0.0001
Psychotic Disorder	4	0.9	3	2.0	0	0	Fisher’s Exact	0.2
Substance Use Disorder	39	8.5	13	8.5	7	4.2	3.50	0.2
Parent Diagnoses	N	%	N	%	N	%	χ2	p-value
Any Anxiety	366	76.1	95	58.6	---	---	18.18	<0.0001
ADHD	120	25.0	13	8.0	---	---	21.16	<0.0001
Disruptive Behavior Disorder	181	37.6	19	11.7	---	---	37.94	<0.0001
Psychotic Disorder	96	20.0	4	2.5	---	---	28.22	<0.0001
Substance Use Disorder	303	63.0	96	59.3	---	---	0.72	0.4
Both Parents Any Axis-I Disorder	225	46.8	61	37.7	---	---	124.12	<0.0001

Note: Values with differing superscripts indicate that groups significantly differ after adjustment for multiple comparisons. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.