Table 1.

Microorganisms Causing Osteomyelitis With Specific Risk Factors

Clinical Association/Risk Factor	Common Microorganism
Sickle cell disease	Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Trauma	Polymicrobial (gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria)
Chronic granulomatous disease	Serratia spp, Nocardia spp, Burkholderia cepacia, Aspergillus spp
Intravenous drug use	Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida spp
Animal or human bites	Pasteurella multocida, Eikenella corrodens
Kitten exposure, HIV infection	Bartonella henselae
Exposure to farm animals	Coxiella burnetii
Diabetes	Polymicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus common, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobic bacteria)
Puncture wound	Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.