Fig. 2.

Activation of bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) by CT. a Mouse BMM were incubated in the absence (sham-treated) or presence of CT at 1 or 5 μg/ml (CT-treated) or 100 ng/ml LPS + 50 ng/ml IFNγ (positive control) for 48 h before immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. The position of quadrants was determined by BMM stained with FITC- and PE-conjugated isotype-matched control antibodies. The density plots of the results of one experiment representative of three are shown (Black line = un-treated, Grey area = treated). b–d BMM (5 × 10⁵ cells/ml) were incubated in triplicate in the absence or presence of CT at the specified concentrations for 48 h before the supernatant was harvested for the measurement of iNOS (b), TNFα (c) and IL-12p40 (d) mRNA levels by qPCR. The average (mean ± SD) of two experiments using independent donors is shown. ^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.001