Table 1.

Design and quality assessment of included studies

Study	Year	Country	Follow-up design	Single or multicenter	Index hospitalization period of source cohort	Study AP populationa	Type of comparison	Follow-up time (months)b	Quality score
Braganza et al.	1973	UK	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	NR	None	> 3	NOS, 6
Seligson et al.	1982	Sweden	Prospective cohort	Single	1969–1978	Severec	None	59 (18–108)	NOS, 5
Mitchell et al.	1983	UK	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	All severity	Index admission versus follow-up; mild versus severe; biliary versus alcohol	Index admission, 2–12	NOS, 6
Angelini et al.	1984	Italy	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	Severec	Biliary versus alcohol	13–36	NOS, 5
Arenas et al.	1986	Spain	Prospective cohort	Singe	NR	All severity	Index admission versus follow-up; biliary versus alcohol	Index admission, 1	NOS, 4
Büchler et al.	1987	Germany	Prospective cohort	Single	1981 to 1985	All severity	Edematous versus necrotizing; biliary versus alcohol	2–12, 13–40	NOS, 6
Garnacho Montero et al.	1989	Spain	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	All severity; biliary and alcohol	Index admission versus follow-up; biliary versus alcohol	Index admission, 3–12	NOS, 6
Airely et al.	1991	UK	Prospective RCT	Single	NR	Mildc	Index admission versus follow-up; placebo versus PERT	Index admission, 1.5	Jadad, 3
Glasbrenner et al.	1992	Germany	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	Mildc	Index admission versus follow-up; biliary versus alcohol	Index admission, 1.5	NOS, 5
Bozkurt et al.	1995	Germany	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	IPN	None	3–12, 18	NOS, 5
Seidensticker et al.	1995	Germany	Prospective cohort	Single	1976 to 1992	All severity	Biliary versus alcohol	< 12, 12–60, > 60	NOS, 5
Malecka-Panas et al. (a)	1996	Poland	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	Severec; alcohol	None	48–84	NOS, 4
Malecka-Panas et al. (b)	1996	Poland	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	All severity; biliary	None	6–12; 36–60	NOS, 4
John et al.	1997	South Africa	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	NR	All severity	None	9 (2–16)	NOS, 4
Tsiotos et al.	1998	USA	Prospective cohort	Single	1983 to 1995	IPN	None	48 (3–132)	NOS, 5
Appelros et al.	2001	Sweden	Prospective cohort	Single	1985 and 1994	Severec	None	84 (24–144)	NOS, 4
Ibars et al.	2002	Spain	Prospective cohort	Single	July 1994 to December 1995	All severity; biliary	Mild versus severe	6–12	NOS, 6
Boreham et al.	2003	UK	Prospective cohort	Single	December 2000 to November 2001	All severity	Index admission versus follow-up; mild versus severe	Index admission, 3	NOS, 7
Napolitano et al.	2003	Italy	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	Mildc; biliary	None	48	NOS, 7
Sabater et al.	2004	Spain	Prospective cohort	Single	1994 to 1998	Severe (included a proportion of IPN)c; biliary	Conservative versus necrosectomy	12	NOS, 8
Migliori et al.	2004	Italy	Prospective cohort	Single	NR	All severity; biliary and alcohol	Edematous versus necrotizing; biliary versus alcohol	18	NOS, 6
Bavare et al.	2004	India	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	January 2001 to June 2003	IPN	Index admission versus follow-up	Index admission, 6–12, 13–18	NOS, 5
Symersky et al.	2006	Netherlands	Prospective cohort	Single	1990 to 1996	All severity; nonalcoholic	Mild versus severe	55 (12–90)	NOS, 4
Reszetow et al.	2007	Poland	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	January 1993 to December 1999	IPN; biliary and alcohol	Biliary versus alcohol; female versus male	61 (24–96)	NOS, 5
Reddy et al.	2007	India	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	1996 to 1998	IPN	Biliary versus alcohol; female versus male	22 (15–36)	NOS, 5
Pelli et al.	2009	Finland	Prospective cohort	Single	January 2001 to February 2004	All severity, alcoholic	Index admission versus follow-up; mild versus severe	Index admission, 24	NOS, 5
Pezzilli et al.	2009	Italy	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	January 2006 to December 2006	All severity	Mild versus severe; biliary versus alcohol; female versus male	Index admission	NOS, 3
Gupta et al.	2009	India	Prospective cohort	Single	July 2005 to December 2006 (and prior to 2005)	Severe (included a proportion of IPN)c	Conservative versus necrosectomy	31 (7–118)	NOS, 4
Uomo et al.	2010	Italy	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	January 1994 to December 2006	Severec	None	180 (156–203)	NOS, 6
Andersson et al.	2010	Sweden	Prospective cohort	Single	2001–2005	All severity	Mild versus severe	42 (36–53)	NOS, 8
Xu et al.	2012	China	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	2003 to 2008	All severity	Mild versus severe	29	NOS, 7
Garip et al.	2013	Turkey	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	March 2003 to October 2007	All severity	Mild versus severe; edematous versus necrotizing	32 (6–48)	NOS, 6
Kahl et al.	2014	Germany	Prospective RCT	Multicenter	NR	All severity	Placebo versus PERT	Index admission	Jadad, 4
Vujasinovic et al.	2014	Slovenia	Prospective cohort	Multicenter	NR	All severity	Mild versus severe (mild versus moderate versus severed); biliary versus alcohol; female versus male	32	NOS, 5
Winter Gasparoto et al.	2015	Brazil	Prospective consecutive cohort	Single	January 2002 to April 2012	Severec	None	35 (12–90)	NOS, 4
Chandrasekaran et al.	2015	India	Prospective cohort	Single	July 2009 to December 2010	Severe (included a proportion of IPN)c	Conservative versus necrosectomy	26 ± 18	NOS, 8
Ermolov et al.	2016	Russia	Prospective cohort	Single	2003 to 2012	Severe (included a proportion of IPN)c	Conservative versus necrosectomy	102 ± 36	NOS, 6
Nikkola et al.	2017	Finland	Prospective cohort	Single	January 2001 to February 2005	All severity; alcoholic	Mild versus severed	126 (37–155)	NOS, 5
Koziel et al.	2017	Poland	Prospective cohort	Single	2011 and 2012	Mild and severe	Mild versus severe (mild versus moderate to severed); biliary versus alcohol	14 ± 4	NOS, 8
Tu et al.	2017	China	Prospective cohort	Single	January 2016 to April 2016	All severity (included a proportion of IPN)	Mild versus moderate versus severed	43 ± 4	NOS, 5
van Brunschot et al.	2018	Netherland	Prospective RCT	Multicenter	September 2011 to January 2015	Infected pancreatic necrosis	Endoscopic versus surgical step up approach	6	Jadad, 5

AP acute pancreatitis, NOS Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NR not reported, RCT randomized controlled trial, PERT pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, IPN infected pancreatic necrosis and/or unresolving sterile necrosis that needed necrosectomy and became infected

^aIncluded all etiologies if not otherwise stated

^bIndex admission refers to between the start of oral refeeding and before discharge

^cSevere was defined by original Atlanta classification or the authors own clinical criteria

^dSevere was defined by the revised Atlanta classification