Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the included studies
| Study | Patients enrolled (analyzed for EPI) | Age, yeara | Male, n (%) | Biliary | Alcoholic | Others | First AP episode | Severity criteria | Severity status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Braganza et al. | 12 (12) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Seligson et al. | 10 (10) | 54 ± 12 | 8 (80) | 2 | 7 | 1 | NR | Necrotizing AP | 10 severe |
| Mitchell et al. | 30 (30) | 22–89 | 15 (50) | 13 | 6 | 11 | NR | Clinical complication | 25 mild, 5 severe |
| Angelini et al. | 27 (20)b | NR | 24 (89)b | 14b | 10b | 3b | NR | Necrotizing AP | 27 severe |
| Arenas et al. | 26 (26) | 24–82 | 9 (35) | 16 | 4 | 7 | NR | NR | NR |
| Büchler et al. | 79 (79) | 46 | 48 (61) | 28 | 37 | 14 | Partiallyc | Necrotizing AP | 27 edematous, 32 minor necrotizing, 20 major necrotizing |
| Garnacho Montero et al. | 19 (19) | 23–75 | 9 (47) | 11 | 8 | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Airey et al. | 59 (41) | 62 (30–82) | 19 (46) | 30 | 6 | 5 | All | Local or systemic complication | 41 mild, 0 severe |
| Glasbrenner et al. | 29 (29) | 37 (22–68) | 17 (59) | 15 | 14 | 0 | All | Pancreatic necrosis and CRP > 120 mg/l | Mean ranson score 1.6 |
| Bozkurt et al. | 89 (53)b | 21–83b | 59 (66)b | 21b | 56b | 12b | All | IPN | 53 IPN |
| Seidensticker et al. | 38 (38) | 41 ± 14 | 25 (66) | 8 | 16 | 14 | All | Ranson score > 3 | 21 ranson score ≤ 3, 4 ranson score > 3 |
| Malecka-Panas et al. (a) | 47 (47) | 44 ± 10 | 33 (70) | 47 | 0 | 0 | All | Imrie criteria 3–4 | 47 severe |
| Malecka-Panas et al. (b) | 30 (30) | 53 ± 17 | 8 (27) | 30 | 0 | 0 | Partially (70%) | Imrie criteria ≥ 3 | NR |
| John et al. | 50 (50) | 39 | 38 (76) | 5 | 42 | 3 | NR | OAC | NR |
| Tsiotos et al. | 72 (44) | 58 (20–93) | 33 (75) | 17 | 5 | 22 | NR | IPN | 44 IPN |
| Appelros et al. | 79 (26) | 60 (27–92)b | 52 (66)b | 19b | 30b | 30b | Partially (87%) | OAC | 79 severeb |
| Ibars et al. | 63 (61) | 62 ± 14b | 17 (27)b | 63b | 0b | 0b | All | OAC and area of necrosis | 45 mild, 18 severe; 6 necrosis 30–50%, 3 necrosis ≥ 50%b |
| Boreham et al. | 23 (23) | 55 (21–77) | 13 (57) | 15 | 5 | 3 | All | OAC | 16 mild, 7 severe |
| Napolitano et al. | 35 (35) | NR | NR | 35 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Sabater et al. | 39 (27) | No surgery: 61 ± 14; necrosectomy: 64 ± 11 | 12 (44.4) | 27 | 0 | 0 | NR | OAC; IPN | 27 severe (11 necrosis ≥ 50%); 12 IPN, 15 sterile necrosis |
| Migliori et al. | 75 (75) | 46 (17–80) | 57 (76) | 39 | 36 | 0 | All | Necrotizing AP | 42 edematous, 33 necrotizing |
| Bavare et al. | 18 (18) | 36 (25–47) | 18 (100) | 4 | 10 | 4 | All | IPN | 18 IPN |
| Symersky et al. | 34 (34) | 53 ± 3 | 16 (47) | 26 | 0 | 8 | All | OAC | 22 mild, 12 severe |
| Reszetow et al. | 28 (28) | 48 ± 10 | 20 (71) | 10 | 18 | 0 | All | IPN | 28 IPN (26 APACHE II > 8) |
| Reddy et al. | 10 (10) | 35 (22–47) | 8 (80) | 4 | 6 | 0 | NR | IPN | IPN (5 necrosis < 50%, 4 necrosis ≥ 50%, 1 unspecified) |
| Pelli et al. | 54 (54) | 49 (25–71) | 47 (87) | 54 | 0 | 0 | All | OAC | 41 mild, 13 severe |
| Pezzilli et al. | 75 (75) | 62 (20–94) | 37 (49) | 61 | 1 | 13 | All | OAC | 60 mild, 15 severe |
| Gupta et al. | 30 (30) | 38 ± 2 | 24 (80) | 12 | 13 | 5 | All | OAC; IPN | 22 IPN, 8 sterile necrosis |
| Uomo et al. | 65 (40) | 48±18 | 17 (42.5) | 28 | 0 | 12 | NR | NR | 25 necrosis < 50%, 15 necrosis ≥ 50% |
| Andersson et al. | 40 (40) | 61 (48–68) | 16 (40) | 20 | 10 | 10 | NR | OAC | 26 mild (3 APACHE II ≥ 8), 14 severe (9 APACHE II ≥ 8) |
| Xu et al. | 65 (65) | 59 (27–82) | 33 (51) | 50 | 7 | 8 | All | OAC | Mild 27, severe 38 |
| Garip et al. | 109 (109) | 57 ± 16 | 58 (53) | 72 | 9 | 28 | NR | APACHE II ≥ 8 | 39 severe (APACHE II ≥ 8), 70 mild (APACHE II < 8); necrosis 30 |
| Kahl et al. | 56 (55) | 51 (23–81) | 34 (62) | NR | NR | NR | NR | APACHE II ≥ 4; CRP > 120 mg/L | Placebo: APACHE II 5.1 ± 3.2, CRP 172 ± 108 mg/l; PERT: APACHE II 5.3 ± 2.9, CRP 176 ± 79 mg/l |
| Vujasinovic et al. | 100 (100) | 58 ± 12 | 65 (65) | 36 | 42 | 22 | Partially (75%) | RAC | 67 mild, 15 moderate, 18 severe |
| Winter Gasparoto et al. | 16 (16) | 48 ± 13 | 9 (56) | 10 | 4 | 0 | Yes | APACHE II ≥ 8 or 12 CRP ≥ 150 mg/l | 4 APACHE II ≥ 8, 12 CRP ≥ 150 mg/l; 9 necrosis < 30%, 4 30–50%, 3 ≥ 50% |
| Chandrasekaran et al. | 35 (35) | 37 ± 10 | 30 (86) | 11 | 19 | 5 | NR | OAC; IPN | 35 severe (1 necrosis < 30%, 7 30–50%, 27 ≥ 50%; 15 APACHE II < 8, 20 APACHE II > 8); 21 IPN, 14 sterile necrosis |
| Ermolov et al. | 210 (80)b | 55 ± 13b | 144 (69)b | NR | NR | NR | NR | OAC; IPN | Severe 210b; 34 IPN |
| Nikkola et al. | 77 (45) | 48 (25–71) | 69 (90) | 45 | 0 | 0 | All | RAC | 53 mild, 20 moderate, 4 severe |
| Koziel et al. | 150 (150) | 53 ± 15 | 94 (63) | 64 | 46 | 40 | NR | RAC | 51 mild, 99 severe |
| Tu et al. | 113 (113) | 47 ± 1 | 75 (66) | 65 | 3 | 45 | Partially (83%) | RAC; IPN | 10 mild, 12 moderate, 91 severe (73 IPN) |
| van Brunschot et al. | 98 (83) | 62 ± 13 | 63 (64) | 56 (57) | 14 (14) | 28 (29) | NR | RAC | 55 moderate, 43 severe |
EPI exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, AP acute pancreatitis, NR not reported, CRP C-reactive protein, IPN infected pancreatic necrosis, OAC original Atlanta classification, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, PERT pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, RAC revised Atlanta classification
aYear is expressed as mean (standardized deviation), mean (range), median (range) or range
bData are derived from original enrolled patients rather than actual analyzed patients
cIncluded two cases of chronic pancreatitis