Table 1.
Summary of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (as of April 2018)
| Generic name (receptor target) | Marketing-authorization holder | Therapeutic indication | Date of authorization (FDA/EMA) | Recommended dose (FDA) | Recommended dose (EMA) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ipilimumab (CTLA-4) | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Melanoma | March 2011/July 2011 |
Metastatic: 3 mg/kg; 3-weekly (four doses) Adjuvant: 10 mg/kg; 3-weekly (four doses); followed by 12-weekly |
3 mg/kg; 3-weekly (four doses) | [48] |
| Renal cell carcinoma | April 2018/November 2018 | 1 mg/kg; 3-weekly (four doses) | [48] | |||
| Microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient cancer Colorectal cancer | November 2018/– | 1 mg/kg; 3-weekly (four doses) | [48] | |||
| Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Genentech/Roche | Urothelial carcinoma | May 2016/September 2017 | 1200 mg; 3-weekly | 1200 mg; 3-weekly | [49] |
| Nonsmall cell lung cancer | October 2016/September 2017 | 1200 mg; 3-weekly | 1200 mg; 3-weekly | [49] | ||
| Avelumab (PD-L1) | Merck Serono | Merkel cell carcinoma | March 2017/conditional approval | 10 mg/kg; 2-weekly | 10 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [21] |
| Urothelial carcinoma | May 2017/– | 10 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [21] | |||
| Durvalumab (PD-L1) | AstraZeneca | Urothelial carcinoma | May 2017/– | 10 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [27] | |
| Nonsmall cell lung cancer | February 2018/– | 10 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [27] | |||
| Nivolumab (PD-1) | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Melanoma | December 2014/June 2015 | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | 3 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [31] |
| Nonsmall cell lung cancer | October 2015/October 2015 | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | 3 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [31] | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | November 2015/February 2016 | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | 3 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [31] | ||
| Classic Hodgkin lymphoma | May 2016/October 2016 | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | 3 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [31] | ||
| Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck | November 2016/March 2017 | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | 3 mg/kg; 2-weekly | [31] | ||
| Urothelial carcinoma | February 2017/– | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | [31] | |||
| Microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient cancer Colorectal Cancer | August 2017/– | 240 mg; 2-weekly | [31] | |||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | September 2017/– | 240 mg; 2-weekly/480 mg; 4-weekly | [31] | |||
| Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Merck | Melanoma | September 2014/July 2015 | 200 mg; 3-weekly | 2 mg/kg; 3-weekly | [38] |
| Nonsmall cell lung cancer | October 2015/December 2016 | 200 mg; 3-weekly | 200 mg; 3-weekly/2 mg/kg; 3-weekly | [38] | ||
| Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck | August 2016/– | 200 mg; 3-weekly | [38] | |||
| Classical Hodgkin lymphoma | March 2017/March 2017 | 200 mg; 3-weekly | 200 mg; 3-weekly | [38] | ||
| Urothelial carcinoma | May 2017/July 2017 | 200 mg; 3-weekly | 200 mg; 3-weekly | [38] | ||
| Microsatellite instability-high cancer | May 2017/– | 200 mg; 3-weekly | [38] | |||
| Gastric cancer | September 2017/– | 200 mg; 3-weekly | [38] |
FDA Food and Drug Administration, EMA European Medicines Agency, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, PD-1 programmed death-1