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Measurement of patellar tilt angle (PTA) and congruence angle (CA). (A) PTA, the angle (β) between the line intersecting the widest part of the patella (a) and the line tangential to the anterior surfaces of the femoral condyles (b); (B) CA, the angle (γ) between the line bisecting the sulcus angle (c) and the line connecting the apex of the sulcus to the lowest aspect of the patella ridge (d).
